Rational Customers The Market Environment - 1086 Words

Experts Keith and Gubellini argue that consumers are fickle, and that they rarely know what they want in the market environment whereas experts Bovà ©e and Thill counter that argument stating consumers are experts in the market environment. In order to be an â€Å"expert† in the market sense, one must have rationality. Rational customers are those who know what he wants and seeks to make the most of available opportunities and resources given the scarcity constraints he faces. The term, â€Å"rational† in the traditional economic sense means the customer already knows everything there is to know about his needs and desires, the products in the market, etc.; however, that definition is nonsense. For the truly rational customer, there is a trade-off between the value of additional information and the cost required to obtain it. However for those irrational or fickle in the market setting, the result is that all decisions are based on satisfaction rather than optimizing. Furthermore, there is that â€Å"rationality† not in the sense of how one determines what to buy in the market, but in terms of what one wants. This is not to say that having rationality when purchasing goods and services is bad. The truth of the matter is that most people do not actually go in a market with this mindset, and thus consumers are fickle because they base their decisions on their desires and tastes. Keith and Gubellini state that Americans â€Å"have become accustomed to the luxury of plenty and are not as easilyShow MoreRelatedProcessual Strategy1272 Words   |  6 PagesProcessual, Rational, Fuzzy, Evolutionary 1. Processual approach: Strategy is produced in an incremental fashion, as a pattern in a stream of decisions. Fuzzy approach: Companies sometimes adopt an incremental approach to change. Whats different between these two approach? The Processual approach is really talking about strategy emerging from the many different day-to-day decisions taken by the staff. 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Coroners Report Analysis Toowoomba Base Hospital

Question: Describe about the Coroners Report Analysis for Toowoomba Base Hospital. Answer: Introduction Coroners report has been used to provide information about the case of Katie Lee Howman who worked as a Registered Nurse in Toowoomba Base hospital and was involved in handling critical situations in the hospital. Based on this information, Katie knew about nursing interventions that could be used for different health conditions. The report states that Katie was married and got two young children. She died in her home while injecting herself with opioid drugs known as Fentanyl. This drug is usually used as an anesthetic to help people who are undergoing surgery to reduce the intensity of pain felt. The detection of this drug into the body of Katie was developed by a pathologist, Dr. Roger Guard. This was the only opioid detected in her body, but some other contents of drugs were detected too, which include citalopram, levetiracetam, and ibuprofen. These drugs are used as antidepressants, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory, showing that Katie had several problems that she needed cur b, including severe pain (Jensen, 2009). Therefore, based on the doctors views, she had abused these drugs. Katie was addicted to intravenous drug abuse (Fentanyl), and her death was the outcome of pathophysiological changes caused by long-term use of this drug. For instance, Fentanyl is a drug that is used as an aesthetic, and it is sometimes misused as a drug. Also, if a person uses it as a drug for a long duration, just as Katie was using, it is usually addictive, and it can force any user to use it continuously. Further, the pathologist indicated that these drugs were reacting to the body of Mrs. Heath, thus creating crystals into her vessels. These crystals in the vessels led to the problem of blood flow into the vessels. This meant that her lungs were also straining to oxygenate the blood because there was not sufficient flow of blood into the vessels (Ballantyne, 2006). Therefore, the doctor continued to make conclusions that granuloma effect in the lungs is always an indication that there is foreign substance into the body (McAuliffe, 2016). These results showed that the presence o f the drug substances was reacting with the body and they had not performed the function Katie was perceiving. After analyzing the autopsy findings, Dr. Hall stated that there was a significant number of people who had died of an opioid overdose because it is addictive as determined by National Institute of Drug Abuse (2016). After confirming that Mrs. Howman had died of Fentanyl overdose, he noted that the prevalence of people who died of the same was high and it was not a strange observation in their recent diagnosis (Aronson, 2010). This paper has been developed to create a review of Coroners report about the death of Katie Lee. Discussion of Medical and Nursing Practice Documentation and Communication Documentation and communication regarding administration of medication play an outstanding role not only in safe medicine practice to patients but also serve as a guiding tool to Paramedical staff for safe medicine handling( prevents misuse of addictive drugs). On the one hand, proper documentation ensures that the five rights of administration of medication have been addressed that is right patient, right drug, right dose, right time and right route of administration. On the other hand, illegal practices among health care members related to potentially addictive drugs are also identified and controlled by documentation and Communication. In this context also, there was a lack of policies and procedures for safe medicine handling by health care providers. However, in order to ensure the safety of both the nurse and the patients, there should be some policies and procedures to follow. For example, in Western Australia, a code of practice for handling Schedule 8 medicine (Drug of addiction) has been launched. This practice follows The Poisons Act 1964 and Poison Regulations 1965. Actually, every effort is made to ensure safe medicine practice by staff members. Whether it is the person who prescribes medication (Medical Practitioners) or the person who administer it (Registered Nurses and Enrolled Nurses), they have to meet a set of standards (Board of Australia, 2016). For example, only authorized or registered medical practitioner can prescribe medication. Additionally, the prescription should be in the written form of organization chart along with the signature. Not only this, each location within the hospital premise s supposed to have a separate register for record keeping of addictive drugs. Further, these drugs are inventoried on a monthly basis to identify and control tampering of drugs. Thereby, every hospital should follow certain policies and procedures to ensure safe medicine handling by the staff. Ethical Decision-Making The ethical dilemma is a situation where Nurses and other heath practitioner find difficulty in providing ethically sound care to the patients because of some influencing factors. There are always some factors which do not let them make ethically sound decisions for improving the quality of care being given to the patient. In this context, I found the hospital in an ethical dilemma with regard to providing efficient care to their patients. Firstly, Katie health condition was not allowing her to give appropriate care to the patients. Organisation has also found some evidence around it. For example, poor management of workload by Katie (complaint by a staff member). Additionally, one time she was not fair in Documentation with regard to patient care. She gave the medication but forget to document it. However, Documentation and communication are one of the important methods to direct or guide safe and effective patient care (Epstein and Turner, 2015). State An Ethical Problem An ethical dilemma rose where the hospital had to ensure the safety (nonmaleficence) as well as the quality of care being given to the patient. At the same time, they had to address Mental and physical health issues which Katie was experiencing by respectingthe autonomy (freedom to work in a suitable work environment like low care setting)principle as well. Additional Information Collection And Analysis Of The Problem Katie's health condition was not investigated properly. Despite being reported many times, she was working as a Critical Care Nurse who was a very demanding work for her. At the same time, patient safety was at risk. Alternatives One of the best alternatives could be Detection and control of these types of issue as early as possible with the help of strategies, such as routine dope test every 4-6 months for each employee to detect any drug addiction. Working closely and delicately to the issue that Katie was experiencing thus providing suitable work environment (Low care) where she would not have access to Fentanyl as well as less demand by her body to take medicine. Additionally, the organization could have arranged counseling session for her to find the root cause behind drug addiction. Hence arrangement of better interventions could be possible. Selecting Best Alternative The second alternative is more appropriate Required Strategies To Implement It AN Organisation's manager plays a very crucial role in addressing these types of issues. Attitude, feelings and understanding of the manager towards these sorts of issues found around nursing care play crucial role in determining the perspective of all another staff member. Thus, a strong need is felt on the part of managers to be more efficient in their role as a facilitator in this type of situations. Thereby, Australian Board of Nursing and Midwifery need to understand the complexities behind the phenomenon and make policies to make sure that managers are performing well in this type of situations. Advocacy According to Kirby (1995), Advocacy is basically supporting patients right. Its scope range from acknowledging the patient about their rights as a patient (Patient education) to actually helping them to have the right kind of care delivered to them (Coordinating with managing authority to acknowledge any issue found in the patient care because of the negligence of another staff member). In Katies case, she herself was a patient, and her colleagues are supposed to take relevant actions for her. In the mentioned scenario, neither any staff nurses nor Katie herself recognized the rights for receiving special kind of care and circumstances from managing authority. It's against the code of ethics provided by Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia as well as the benefits mentioned in Job letter of most of the Organisation. It is promised that every employee has the right to choose suitable working arrangements in specific circumstances. Furthermore, under special circumstances such as incompetent care, physical and mental health issues, special care is provided without any undue judgment and discrimination. Thus, an organization not only respects the right of Autonomy and respect for the patient but for its employee also. Despite this fact, Katies health issues have not been advocated. As a result, confusion arises on the part of organization culture which will be explained further. Mrs. Howmans medical condition was not advocated with the highest level of professionalism and care from the doctors she visited. The only step that was taken towards that issue was to prescribe drugs that were thought to reduce or curb the pain but not to cure the real issue she was suffering. Almost all the drugs that she was advised to use were addictive, and the medical practitioners did not take care of the fact the Katie was also vulnerable to the drugs, and she could be addicted. She needed a great support in dealing with the condition of severe pain that she was experiencing throughout her life. These reasons led to the misuse and overdose of the medications she thought of caring in nature. Leadership and Management Leadership is about supporting co-workers. It involves moving forward for helping patient, family, and Nurses to recognize and attain their rights. This aspect of managing Katies condition was very much similar to Advocacy where Nurses act for nurses. Nurses working with the Katie should have advocated for the safety of both patient and Nurses. Nevertheless, they report about the Katie and thereby protected patients safety; no one stands out for Katies Autonomy. This might be the reason that management did not take quick and reasonable steps to address her problem. Management only reported to APHRA for two times. The supervision and the investigation system employed for detecting substance abuse by Katy were not good as well. The management of Katies condition was not up to the standards because the people who were involved in stabilizing her condition were not informed about her medical history. For instance, Dr. Phillipson was not aware of the fact that Katie was using a sterile needle to inject herself with such drugs. This fact affected the success of psychiatric treatment that the doctor was offering to Mrs. Howman after she abused the drugs in January 2010. Further, As per AHPRAs directions, Katie supposed to undergo urine screening that determines the type of drugs that she was using. She was also supposed to be supervised to avoid illegal use of drugs in the hospital. However, in this situation the circumstances were different. When they noticed consistent screening results, they assumed that she had stopped abusing drugs. This was a wrong decision to make because she was still experiencing the hip pain, which means that she could still use the Fentanyl drugs to reduce the pain in cases where tram adol among other prescribed drugs was not functioning well. Next, Toowoomba organization had not developed a culture of developing a medical history for their employees that could assist in any situations needed. Therefore, it can be stated that the hospital did not have effective and efficient management that could handle their employees perfectly. There was a great need of improvement on the way they handled issues affecting their employees, for example, Katies case. Organisational Culture On the basis of personal experience, organizational culture involves feelings, attitudes, understanding and most importantly perspective of managing authority for maintaining job satisfaction and mental health of the employees. For this different method are employed such as frequent communication between the team leader and the Nurse, policies and procedures like non-judgemental behavior towards any types of dispute or specific needs of employees, anonymous complaining system, etc. Interestingly, this helps in retaining employees too. In this scenario, there might be a lack of communication between Katie and the senior Nurse or Team leader that prevented her problems to be addressed. Secondly, Katie's work environmental might be unsuitable for her (too much workload and physical or mental health issues would have affected her performance on the floor). However, no any concern has been shown from either colleagues or senior staff members for her miserable condition. Thus, many uncertainties arise about the organizational culture for addressing these types of issues where the organization is unable to address as well as manage the specific needs of some employees. Worth to mention here is the organizational culture role in these types of scenarios. According to Zachariadou, Zannetos, and Pavlakis (2013), sometimes it is organizational culture itself which promotes mental health issues in nursing staff because of many reasons. For example, increase the workload on employees, unfair policies of the organization which includes not concerning employees complaints such as bullying or mental torture by another staff member in the situations like drug addiction or alcoholism by staff Nurses. Consequently, organization culture has also influenced the way Katies case was handled. Coroners Findings Coroner scrutinized this issue of Katie by ensuring that every relevant information was put across thus paving the way for justice. In this case, the medical report of Katie was established that shown almost all the conditions that were related to her death. It was found that Katie had severe pains in hips that troubled her very much and she was always finding a solution to the issue. In the process of seeking medical assistance, she was prescribed to drugs that would reduce the severity of the pains, though they turned up to be addictive (Rave and Larsen, 1995). It was not within her understanding that these drugs would be addictive. Therefore, she reached a level that she could not live without the drugs, and it was observed by several people in her workplace. At some point, a nurse in the hospital observed that Katie had used the sterile needle in the washrooms though they were unsuccessful to find out the chemical contents of the syringe. The coroner also found that the Australia n Health Practitioner Regulations Authority (AHPRA) had been informed about her behaviors and ordered the hospital management to observe her behaviors check out if she was abusing any drug substance (Stannard, Coupe, and Pickering, 2007). The Coroners findings finally declared that Katie dies of Fentanyls injections that were termed as overdose and reactions according to the autopsy findings. Later after Dr. Phillipson retired from his work where he was serving Katie, the general practitioner who was left to take care of her found out that she was hardly living with opioids based on her confession. This was clear evidence that Katie was addicted and she need great medical support to help her fight the addiction. Although she has always been denying to be abusing an illicit substance, the fact that she could not live without the opioids affirmed the abuse (Medlineplus.gov, 2016). The coroner also found out that the Heath was not much informed about the health condition although he knew about the pains. He had never found out that her wife was using opioid (Fentanyl) to reduce the pains she was experiencing, which was against doctors prescriptions (Ruzycki and Yarema, 2016). Lack of information and evidence about the mi suse of opioids by Katie led to great surprise when the family and friends learned about her death. Recommendations The health organizations among other firms should understand that it is their responsibility to monitor the statuses of their employees. This will ensure that cases such as Katies are minimal in the society and peoples medical conditions are handled effectively. The misuse of opioids in the community needs also to be monitored to reduce the prevalence of use and protect the society from losing more people because of the same issue. Finally, it is important to inform relatives or guardians about perceived health issues, and this should also be advised by the medical practitioners to help them manage their conditions more efficiently. References American Nurses Association, (2016). Healthy Nurse, Healthy Nation. [Online] Nursingworld.org. Available at: https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/WorkplaceSafety/Healthy-Nurse [Accessed 30 Oct. 2016]. Aronson, J. (2010). Meyler's side effects of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Ballantyne, J. (2006). Opioids for chronic pain: Taking stock. Pain, 125(1), pp.3-4. Board of Australia, (2016). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [Online] Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 30 Oct. 2016]. Epstein, B. and Turner, M. (2015). The Code of Ethics: Its Value and History. The Online Journal of Nursing Issues, [online] 20(2). Available at: https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/The-Nursing-Code-of-Ethics-Its-Value-Its-History.html[Accessed 30 Oct. 2016]. Fentanyl/morphine misuse. (2013). Reactions Weekly, 1457(1), pp.19-19. Garber, J., Gross, M. and Slonim, A. (2010). Avoiding common nursing errors. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Husted, J., and Husted, G. (2008). Ethical decision making in nursing and health care. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Jensen, M. (2009). Hypnosis for chronic pain management: A new hope. Pain, 146(3), pp.235-237. Kirby, M. (1995). Patients' rights--why the Australian courts have rejected 'Bolam.' Journal of Medical Ethics, 21(1), pp.5-8. McAuliffe, W. (2016). Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. JAMA, 316(7), p.774. Medlineplus.gov, (2016). Opioids and Chronic Pain | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine. [Online] Medlineplus.gov. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/spring11/articles/spring11pg9.html [Accessed 21 Oct. 2016]. Moore, T. and Woodrow, P. (2004). High dependency nursing care. London: Routledge. National Institute of Drug Abuse, (2016). Emerging Trends and Alerts | Fentanyl-Related Overdoses Prompt Alert from CDC. [Online] Drugabuse.gov. Available at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/emerging-trends-alerts [Accessed 30 Oct. 2016]. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain discouraged. (2012). Springer Healthcare News, 1(1). Raines, J., and Dibble, N. (2011). Ethical decision making in school mental health. New York: Oxford University Press. Rave, E. and Larsen, C. (1995). Ethical decision making in therapy. New York: Guilford Press. Robinson, A. (2016). Causes and management of chronic pain. Prescriber, 27(7), pp.39-43. Ruzycki, S., and Yarema, M. (2016). Fentanyl misuse. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 188(9), pp.673-673. Stannard, C., Coupe, M. and Pickering, T. (2007). Opioids in non-cancer pain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. (1997). Pain Forum, 6(1), pp.77-79. Varcarolis, E., Halter, M., and Varcarolis, E. (2010). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier. Weber, J. and Kelley, J. (2007). Health assessment in nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Wrycraft, N. (2009). Introduction to Mental Health Nursing. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill International (UK) Ltd. Zachariadou, T., Zannetos, S. and Pavlakis, A. (2013). Organizational culture in the primary healthcare setting. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1).

The Autumn of the Patriarch Review Essay Example

The Autumn of the Patriarch Review Paper Essay on The Autumn of the Patriarch In the early 1970s, the American linguist Hayden White has identified five pathways that are present in scientific texts: 1. Romance. 2. tragedy. 3. Comedy. 4. Satire. 5. Epic. Satire is mocking romance, tragedy and comedy, and is actually a deconstruction of the text, revealing discourse (consciously or unconsciously) and the destruction of the creative subject. Epos is a creation of a new mythology. These trails are not unique, and even does the scientific literature, but rather literature. Major subjects on which the literature, were formed more than 2.5 thousand. Years ago in the OT. This is mainly a problem of meaning of human life, and in this respect the modern writers did not invent anything new. I was no exception and GG Marquez. The name of the product first refers to the concept of the Patriarch, as the head of the clan (hence the state). However, Marquez played with us, because there is uncertain given a hint of the biblical patriarchs (Adam, Noah, Abraham). And in the novel there is a taboo on the pronunciation of the patriarchs name (I never knew his name). The third commandment is, do not say the Lords name in vain, over time, the Jews in general prestanut ever say it. Marquez also does not mention the name, thereby rendering the sacred figure of the patriarch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Autumn of the Patriarch Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Autumn of the Patriarch Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Autumn of the Patriarch Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer None of the residents of the state already do not remember what it was before the Board of General (patriarch). It is not known the birth of the patriarch, he is the first person in the state, on earth (Adam), possibly older than the Lord God. Hence, the way traced atheistic position of the patriarch. Marquez goes creates a divine patriarch, which in turn is not a believer, however, it is the very proof of sacredness and divinity. There is another version: that God made with the patriarch of the contract to the board (Avraaam), for so long, that comes to mind immediately, as people lived in ancient times in the Old Testament. The novels plot is present and then (v, hurricane), and the ruler as the savior of all living things (Noah) Bendison Alvarado -. Patriarch mother, she an amazing character. Here the author refers to the Virgin Mary. This is especially revealed after her death, when his son wants to spend her canonization, because of the sanctity and purity of his mother in the world, but not for the reason that shes a mother ruler of the country. However, it is most holy to do this is not possible, as all the miracles that power Bendison Alvarado, are a myth. Marquez manages to achieve and special perception of time. The plot unfolds if not in time, not someone conditional time with conventional characters and events. Sometimes the thrill author mentions the real area (Caribbean, etc.) and actually existing individuals The lack of titles and rare division into paragraphs, not only does the novel less dynamic, but also on the structure creates a semblance of a rhizome:. There is some form a labyrinth within which the symbolic links without central plot clearly expressed. This creates unexpected distinction of reality and myth. Thus, in the novel there is the rejection of the principles of historicism and determinism. Myth-making is also the concept of the norm. All action heroes are absolutely normal and there is no judgment, no moral or aesthetic, nor any other. Marquez writes about the beautiful and dirty (eg. As a man dies in his own shit). Many readers it scares and thus they do not accept the unscrupulousness of the writer and create unconsciously dogmatic myth of the novel. In the novel, the author is not the beginning. Depersonalization occurs roles, which leads the story. The reader is hard to catch whose words he is reading, if we are lucky, we can see the thoughts of Marquez. This is largely achieved by the almost complete absence of direct and indirect speech, it seemed immured in the text itself. According to poststructuralist Michel Foucault power is a kind of knowledge. Marquez perfectly shows that the head of state is the lack of knowledge, and professional bureaucracy is the concentration of knowledge. ruler naivety does not make him a bloodthirsty, hes a great kid, and a dictator who controls the state is a bureaucracy. She and the people have created the myth of the ruler, who ruled for hundreds of years, but which probably never happened. Later, Jean-Franà §ois Lyotard would call it metanarratsiey when the power turns knowledge into a myth.

Participative Leadership Strengths and Weakness

Participative Leadership Strengths and Weakness Introduction Organizations often desire to achieve high performance. According to scholars in organizational behaviour, organizational leadership is one of the key determinants of organizational performance. Organizational leaders need to choose the right approach of leadership that can help steer the organization towards meeting its goals. There are different approaches of leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weakness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each approach or leadership has its strength and weaknesses; thus, organizational leaders have to be careful when choosing the leadership approach to adopt (Ballantyne, Berret Wells, 2011). This paper discusses participative leadership as one of the styles of leadership. The paper gives an overview of the approach, followed by the strengths and weakness of participative leadership. Overview According to Mumford (2010), par ticipative leadership, which is also known as democratic leadership, is one of the most desirable approaches of leadership in contemporary organizations. It entails the involvement of all organizational members in key decision making. The final decisions are approved after wider consultations have been made across the entire organization. The presumption of this kind of leadership is that each employee has a given piece of information that can aid the organization in meeting its objectives. Therefore, employees are consulted on most of the wider plans of the organization. Here, organizational managers are often seen as facilitators of the leadership process in the organization. They code the ideas of organizational members into key decisions in the organization. In this era where more people are enlightened, most organizations are borrowing the principles of this approach of management in order to make the best use of the diverse knowledge and skills of their employees. This is repl icated in the decisions of most organizations to form decision making groups, where all organizational members are given a chance to air their views on organizational decisions (Mumford, 2010). Strengths and weakness The participative approach of leadership has numerous strengths. First of all, participative leadership promotes a healthy working environment through making each member feel important and needed in the organization. This promotes self esteem of each member of the organization. It also raises the level of communication and cooperation in the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By allowing all members to participate in the decision making process, the quality of decisions reached are often of a higher quality. Lastly, the approach gives employees room to gain understanding of the complex processes and issues in the organization (Mumford, 2010) . This approach also has numerous weaknesses. Fist of all, the approach elongates the span of time that is taken to make decisions, thus it may not be favourable for responding to emergency situations. Secondly, the decisions reached may be too complex to implement. The rationale behind this is that the decisions are reached out of a wider consultation and input processes. Therefore, whereas the decisions may be of a high quality, they may as well be complex and hard to implement (Mumford, 2010). Matrix Participative leadership Key areas Strengths Weakness Goals Activities designed by all organizational members Time taken to make decisions is too long Behaviours Cohesiveness, high self esteem, and cooperation Desired outcomes Higher quality and inclusive decisions Complex decisions Organizational example An example of an organization that uses the participative approach of leadership is Microsoft Incorporated. Bill Gates, the president of the company, embraces partici pative leadership through empowerment of the subordinates who work on the innovative projects of the company. Employees at Microsoft are allowed to work in groups, where each employee gets a chance to come up with innovative ideas. One best way of participative leadership is providing employees with resources and allowing them to work on organizational projects (Nayab, 2011). Conclusion Organizational leadership, more so the approach of leadership is critical to the performance of an organization. The paper has explored the participative approach of leadership, where it has been noted that this is the most desired approach of leading contemporary organizations. The main strength of this approach is that it encourages the exploration of the skills of employees. Its main weakness is that it may take too long to make decisions. References Ballantyne, S., Berret, B., Wells, M. E. (2011). Planning in reverse: A viable approach to organizational leadership. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefiel d Education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weakness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mumford, M. D. (2010). Leadership 101. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Nayab, N. (2011). Five Reals of Successful Leadership. Retrieved from https://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/120498-five-real-world-examples-of-successful-leadership/

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

English - Essay Example In football, the players use their hands throughout the game except the first kick. On the other hand, the match is also regulated by different timings. For soccer, each tournament is composed of two halves each lasting 45 minutes usually with a 15 minute break in between. Football is composed of four quarters each lasting 15 minutes each. The elements of the game also vary in these two games. Soccer requires player to wear shirt, sock, stockings, footwear, and shin guards. Football players are wears more necessary protection which is composed of three protections: head protection for the upper body; leg protection for the lower appendage; and body protection for the arms and middle body. However, the most common distinction is the type ball which is used. In soccer, the ball is round and made of synthetic leather with 22 inch diameter. On the other hand, the ball in football is pointed oval shaped made up of four pieces of leather stitched together. These differentiating factors mentioned above set the games apart from each other. The style of the game, its elements, and the type of balls utilized each contribute to their uniqueness. However, it is irrefutable are both world’s favorites as they are equally distinct and

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Famine, Affluence, and Morality - Essay Example From this study it is clear that poverty leads to low standards of living while most civil wars normally lead to increased number of refugees running for safety from the neighboring countries. In the reporter's view, this is problems, which can be prevented if people become morally upright where they put humanity before greed and money. Again, he believes that rich nations are not helping enough to take care of the current situation in helping the affected countries in various parts of the world. Although it is not their responsibility to help the poor and suffering nations, he believes they should take it as their mandate to give guidelines on how various issues and dilemmas should be handled they arise. For instance, in cases of civil wars, representatives from the international humanitarian bodies should take responsibility of calling upon the warring leaders and bring them on board to discuss and get a permanent solution to end the wars.This essay stresses that  the parliament representatives whom we elected to represent our interest to the government are not doing enough to change the current situation. As evident in most developing countries, most of them forgot the needs of people who elected in the first place once they get into the parliament. This is because they are not asking much from the government in terms assistance to help the affected persons.  They are not holding enough demonstrations with the members of the public to make their interests and needs known by the national government.

Government Term Paper Essay Example for Free

Government Term Paper Essay The United States was founded and created by a group of people who wanted to see change and be in control of their future. This country has successfully accomplished this goal. Challenges from ending slavery to giving women the right to vote have all been accomplished through the American people implementing and enforcing new laws to be made. Two important issues facing the United States are Obamacare and illegal immigrants using anchor babies to stay in the country. On the issue of Obamacare, the best policy to follow is to recall Obamacare and create a new bill that is more specific, fixing one level at a time. On the issue of anchor babies, the best policy to follow is to amend the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to clarify the standards of citizenship. On March 10, 2010 President Obama’s new health care was signed into law. This new form of health care is called Obamacare or more formally as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). This bill requires that those who can afford health care must maintain the minimal, essential health insurance coverage. This mandate does not apply to citizens who hold certain religious beliefs or have financial hardships. Once the bill is fully processed, thirty-two million Americans will be able to receive some form of health care. The main intention of Obamacare is that affordability and accountability it brings. Obamacare lowers premiums for families making $44,000-66,000 and $55,000-88,000 a year. This new bill has made it easier for more families and people to receive health care. Obamacare also has begun to resolve Medicare’s prescription â€Å"donut hole†. This has helped senior citizens pay for vital prescriptions. The â€Å"donut hole† occurs after the patient has received $2,830 worth of drugs. At this number, Medicare stops paying for the drugs until the patient has used over $4550 of drugs. Therefore the patient needs to pay for $2,000 before Medicare pays for their prescriptions again. This reform gives donut hole payments a 50% discount and slowly closes this spending gap. The bill plans for the gap to be fully closed by 2020. The process of closing Medicare’s donut hole has already begun (Health Reform). The Affordable Care Act has improved community health centers. Within this improvement, there are more free preventive care treatments along with 1,250 new care centers for twenty million people (Timeline). These centers co-inside with the bill’s customer protection plan. This solidifies that no one may be denied coverage for pre-existing conditions (Health Reform). More people have been treated and helped allowing for a better field of doctors to be used for the necessary and covered treatments that Obamacare has provided. A large intention within Obamacare is to correct and maintain a new policy for business. Small businesses are not required to provide health care. However, if a business has over fifty employees, they are required to make payments that allow for health care benefits if ever needed if they do not have health care insurance (Health Reform). The bill has allowed for over four million small businesses eligible for tax credits so that they may be able to provide health care. Along with tax credit, Obamacare has cracked down on fraud, waste and abuse. This has secured the governments support in this bill. In the future Obamacare plans to reduce paperwork, provide more funding to children’s hospitals, and expand bundling payments (Timeline). Due to the numerous projects and reforms within this large bill, states need more money. This money comes from citizen’s taxes. People who already have health care are being taxed to help pay for others. One of the leading problems that Americans have about Obamacare questions whether or not all Americans have the right to health care. If a person chooses to be homeless and not work, should other citizens have to pay for another’s medical needs? Relating to the previous question, currently the Supreme Court is in the process of deciding if the Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional. Obamacare, 2010, stated that everyone must have some form of health care. People have begun to question whether this infringes and stretches Congress’ right to be involved in one’s personal life- even if this is an economic matter. Many individuals and twenty-seven states have begun to challenge Congress and whether the Commerce Clause has the right to expand national power at the expense on individual liberties. In 1824 the Supreme Court case, Gibbons v. Ogden, interpreted the government’s â€Å"commerce† to deal with only state to state/internal commerce affairs (US v Morrison). In 1937 the Supreme Court stretched the Commerce Clause for the government to oversee labor hours and wages. The government was allowed such power that they could even oversee a person’s personal consumption in the Supreme Court case, Wickard v. Filburn, in 1941 (Gaziano). Finally in 1995 the Supreme Court ruled against the government when they wanted to criminalize carrying guns to school. In this case, US v Lopez, the Supreme Court decided that this was not an economic issue and was not covered within the Commerce Clause (Langran). However, the Supreme Court case US v. Morrison became the final breaking point for the government. In 2000 Congress wanted to ban the violence of women. â€Å"The Supreme Court ruled that if there was any other clarification on the Commerce Clause that there would be a fundamental upset within the balance of powers in the Constitution† (Natelson). Throughout America’s history there have been many attempts to improve health care for Americans. Both Democrats- Roosevelt and Truman- and Republicans-Nixon- have done their share of work to help, however, the most recent and successful help came from the Clintons. Creating a new task force, Hillary Clinton spent large sums of money to keep the public interested and willing to support her. When she ran for president against Obama, her largest campaign issue was health care. Her plan was to require all US residents to have some form of health care and that employers must provide health care. Ultimately her work was not enough and was not as favorable as Obama’s idea of lowering the cost of health care rather than requiring it (Health Care). Now Obama has reversed his position on mandates as he created Obamacare. Obama explained to CBS News, â€Å"I’ve been persuaded that there are enough young, uninsured people who are cheap to cover, but are opting out. To make sure that those folks are part of the overall pool is the best way to make sure that all premiums go down† (My Interview). On March 26-28 of 2012, Florida and twenty-six other states argued that that the Affordable Care Act was unconstitutional. During these two days, the Supreme Court listened to the oral arguments. The Affordable Care Act’s largest concept is the availability and affordability for all of America to have health care by 2014. The states questioned the act’s credibility of one’s individual mandate (Katz). The course of the health care case began with Florida on January 31, 2011 when a district judge challenged the new health care act. Claiming that the individual mandate within the reform was unconstitutional called for the whole Affordable Care Act to be nullified. Through the process of appeals, the court decided that the act did infringe on American’s rights; however, the whole bill did not need to be recalled. From this, the federal court took this issue to the Supreme Court (Claeys). All though the oral arguments are complete, the Supreme Court’s decision is not expected unit June of 2012 (Katz). Advocates of the mandate argue that the â€Å"mandate would force all Americans to share the cost of health care† (Health Care). The mandate forces all people to pay so there would be no issue of people paying for others. People would be supporting themselves by paying for their own health care. Supporters of mandatory health care justify their position with the fact that those who don’t think they will need it eventually will. It is better to be safe and have health care if and when you need it. Living in America, a citizen has personal freedoms and with that comes responsibility and maturity. Providing oneself with health care, according to advocates, is a responsibility that must be met in order for citizens to continue to have the freedoms that they do. There are thousands of people who still need health care, Obamacare makes it more affordable; therefore, people will be more willing to get a proper form of health care. Americans will be interested in their benefits which makes them more aware of the issues surrounding health care (Should Illegal Aliens). In 2011 there have been numerous court cases trying to decide if the Affordable Care Act is Constitutional. These cases, such as Thomas Moore law Center v. Barack Obama US President (Patient) are defined as a writ of certiorari law. According to the legal definition, writ of certiorari is â€Å"an order a higher court issues to order to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court to determine whether there were any irregularities† (Definitions). This order given by the Supreme Court so that they may receive a transmit of the records of the cases heard about this issue. According to the information, may it be presented that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act-Obamacare- be recalled. The ideas that the bill presents are effective and appropriate; however, this bill came too soon. America’s current health care system needs other changes before Obamacare may be used. Americans need to obtain health care on their own before it is mandatory. A possible bill to begin the new process may be to focus making Medicare more affordable and efficient. â€Å"In 2011, the federal government spent about $477 million in net Medicare† (Fixing Medicare). The spending rate needs to match up with the number of patients and their medical needs rather than taxing citizens to get quick, un-favored results. A large part of why America has been so successful is because American citizens respect and have pride for the United States of America. The country’s patriotism has brought upon much success including: ending slavery, the Wright brothers’ first airplane, defeating Germany in World War I, and Neil Armstrong being the first man on the moon. Starting in the late 1700’s, America became known as the â€Å"melting pot†. Our multiculturalism makes America successful because all people want to be a part of making the United States better. Over time more and more people have moved to the United States. People wanted to be considered Americans and be official citizens. In the 1990’s alone the US population has increased by twenty-five million people. Within the last one hundred years 197 million people have moved to the United States (Riche). These new people came to America because their lives would be different. New immigrants changed their names, learned English, and wanted to be a part of America. Rather than sticking to their old cultures and lifestyles, immigrants adapted to the American lifestyle. The number of immigrants grew so quickly that the United States had to limit the number of people per country to enter into the United States. The government passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 to limit the number of Chinese immigrants entering the country. This act limited immigration in America to 170,000 Chinese people (National Archives). In June of 1866, the 14th Amendment was ratified into the United State’s Constitution. The 14th Amendment states that â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and where they reside† (Rojas). This amendment was added to the Constitution to support and protect the freed African American population after the Civil War ended in 1865 (The Debate). This first part of the 14th Amendment is known as the Citizenship Clause. The second part of the 14th Amendment is the Equal Protection Clause which states â€Å"that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person their jurisdiction of equal protection of the laws† ( US History). In 1898 the Supreme Court case, US v. Wong Kim Ark, questioned whether the United States could deny naturalization to anyone born in the United States under the 14th Amendment. Born in San Francisco, Ark lived with his parents in California. At age twenty-one Ark traveled to China to visit his parents where his parents moved after living in the US for twenty years. Upon his return to the United States, Ark was denied entry. According to the Chinese Exclusion Act, no people of the Chinese race shall be permitted into the country. However, if Ark is considered to be US citizen this act does not apply to him. The Supreme Court concluded that the government could not deny citizenship to a person born in the United States. This case upheld the 14th Amendment (Rojas). Today this case has been upheld and been the foundation of how the Citizenship Clause is applied to United States citizens. Today the number of people moving to America still increases. However, there are another group of immigrants moving to America. In 2000, LIFE Act Amnesty estimated 900,000 illegal immigrants came into the United States. It is determined to be twelve to twenty million illegal immigrants residing in the United States today (Gheen). The rising issue in illegal immigration is the regularity of anchor babies. This term, anchor baby is classified as an illegal/non-citizen who came to the United States and gave birth to their child. Because their child is a US citizen according to the 14th Amendment, these families are able to convince the courts to let them stay and live in America (The Debate). This idea gives illegal immigrants an easy way to beat the system and live in America. Due to the large number of anchor babies born in America it is clear that their parents do not wish to become US citizens. Illegal immigrant families are able to get food stamps and Medicaid through the country’s tax dollars. Along with health care illegal immigrants are getting help putting their children through school. This changes the dynamics and level of public schools as they have to accommodate to these children. This issue has increased so quickly that organizations like FAIR, Federation for American Immigration Reform, has made more attempts to eliminate this problem. FAIR estimated that 425,000 illegal babies are born in the United States per year (McNeil). Other organizations have come together to push for this issue to be resolved. The state of Arizona has taken the imitative to end anchor baby citizenship. This bill, SB 1070, was written in June of 2010. Arizona’s bill â€Å"makes attrition through the enforcement of public policy of all agencies† (Senate Bill). This bill sets up the country for success by cracking down on an individual’s immigration status. If their paperwork is illegitimate, then they will be taken to the custody of US immigration and customs and enforcement. Arizona alone is estimated to have over 300,000 illegal immigrants. Supporters to stop anchor baby citizenship state that â€Å"maternity tourism† is only the beginning of the possibilities of the novelties to come surrounding illegal immigrants. If the United States wants to continue to have the power and the proper influence among the citizens, then they must stop this illegal, increasing birth rate. Eventually all of these children will grow up and be the anchor needed for the family to permanently stay in the country (Beck). Currently a US citizen may not sponsor a family member with a green care unless they are over twenty-one years of age (Kolken). In twenty years there will be an even larger issue with illegal immigration once all of these babies are an adult. Supporters confidently state that having their child in America was their poor decision and does not exempt them the from the law and the US immigration laws. Their bad choice will impact their children, they are illegal citizens and because their children are minors they have no choice but to follow their parents as they are deported (Should Illegal Aliens). On the other side, those against interfering with the immigration question if there is no harm to America’s National Guard then why interfere? Because the child is a US citizen, the parents are then forced to make the difficult decision of whether or not to separate their family until their papers are approved. This then increases the single parent, non-traditional family for many children (Should Illegal Aliens). Those against resolving the anchor baby â€Å"problem† see no real solution because the children are protected under the 14th Amendment and have the right to live in America. Rather than solving the problem, it is suggested that a bill would simply encourage more people to not renew or even get a green card because of the high chance of deportation (Beck). Children who are born in the Unites States should not be guaranteed citizenship if their parents are not legal citizens. The United States is one of eleven other countries who even have â€Å"jus soli† as an option. The legal phrasing of â€Å"jus soli† directly translates to â€Å"the right of the land† (McNeil). Many of these countries, not including the United States, has citizenship as an option. In 1980, Britain changed their Nationality Act to be a preference rather than a mandate for babies born in the country (The Debate). Germany changed their Nationality Act as well in 2000. â€Å"A child shall be a German citizen only it at least one parent has a permanent residence in Germany or lives in Germany for at least eight years (Nationality Act). The United States must amend the 14th Amendment and clarify the true meaning and value of a child born in America. In the 14th Amendment clearly defines the standards needed to be a US citizen then many of the nation’s current problems would be handled. Illegal parents whose children are keeping them here would be deported. There will be less problems with Medicaid and the country’s tax dollars will not be going to those who live here illegally and receive food stamps and putting their children through the public school system. All immigrants living in the United States will want to be here and will be able to receive the correct form of becoming a citizen. Amending the 14th Amendment will restore America’s patriotism and success. America has proven to be the strongest country in the world. In order for the United States to maintain their strong position, the government must take care of the country’s issues first. The country’s health care must not be fixed by Obamacare. A new bill must be enacted that slowly and correctly fixes the foundational issues of the system before requiring all people to have health care. If thirty-two million were to be on America’s current health care, the system would jam and eventually shut down. Along with fixing health care, the anchor baby citizenship issues must be handled. Ronald Reagan explained the problem perfectly, â€Å"a country that cannot control its borders isn’t a country† (Buchannan). Therefore the 14th Amendment must be clarified and steps must be taken to contain illegal immigration in order for the United States to see a successful future. Works Cited Beck, Roy. Anchor Babies: No More Citizenship. Bloomberg Business week. 2009. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . Buchannan, Pat . Whose Country is This?. World Net Weekly. N.p., 2010. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Claeys, Eric. Obamacare and the Limits of Judicial Conservatism. National Affairs. National Affairs, Summ. Web. 27 Apr 2012. . The Debate Over Anchor Babies And Citizenship. National Public Radio. 18 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. . Definitions: Writ of Certiorari Law Legal Definition. Uslegal.com. US Legal, Inc., 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Fixing Medicare. New York Time. N.p., 20 Nov 011. Web. 28 Apr 2012. . Gaziano, Todd, and Elizabeth Garvey. Commerce Clause: Expansion of National Power at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Expense of Individual Liberty. American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Apr. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2012. Gheen, W.. History of Illegal Immigration in the U.S.. End illegal immigration. Americans for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Legal Immigration, 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2012. Health Care Mandates. Issues Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues Controversies. Facts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦On File News Services, 16 Oct. 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Health Reform Puts American Families and Small Business Owners in Control of Their Own Health Care. The White House. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. . Katz, Daniel. Supreme Court Considers Health Care Reform: Overview. American †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Government. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. Klein, Ezra. Who Obamacare Got to the Supreme Court. Washington Post. 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. . Kolken Kolken Immigration Lawyers. Immigration Lawyers, US Immigration News and Law Updates. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Langran, Robert. Commerce Clause: Recent Interpretations Diminish State Sovereignty. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. McNeil, Brian. Goode Takes on anchor Baby Issue. Daily Progress. 5 Sept. 2008. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. . My Interview with President Obama. CBS News. N.p., 27 July 2009. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Natelson, Robert G. Commerce Clause: The Misinterpretation of the Commerce Clause. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. National Archives, . Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). Our documents. United States Archives, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1989. Web. 29 Apr 2012.