Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Jim the idiot

One of the many things we should thank God most for in this life is His amazing grace. His grace saves us from despair and ruin, it grows within us as we learn more about Him and it sustains as we go through life and Into eternity. While the Lords forgiveness shows in a variety of ways, I believe His saving, growing and sustaining grace are the three most significant demonstrations of His mercy.God willingly chose to give up his life In Heaven so that He could come down on this sinful Earth In unman form before dying a horrible death on the cross to save all those who love Him. Helping not only as a redeeming factor in our lives but in also making us acceptable to Him, God uses His saving grace to wash away our sins. God lets us know that He always has us in His hands, protecting us from harm.Without our Saviors endless compassion and mercy we would have no chance of surviving this life and spending eternity In Heaven with Him would be impossible. As we acquire more knowledge about G od, the more His grace expands in every aspect of our lives. However, in order for His grace to grow and for Him to become a bigger part in our ivies we need to humble ourselves and accept Him as our one and 11 only Lord. If we truly want to see how much mercy He has for us, we have to have a deep interest in acquiring more knowledge about God and His works.When we grow with Christ we'll experience greater Joy In the smaller, simpler things In this life as God will make Himself more apparent in them. Sustaining grace holds as God's answer to the painful circumstances in life that we go through. We need to remember that no matter what God will always love us and that He has infinite amounts of love and mercy for His children. Whatever we are owing through, God will stand 100% behind us and will always get us out safely. Even If we do not see It, His grace dwells with us forever. No temptation has overtaken you that Is not common to man. God is faithful, and He will not let you be tem pted beyond your ability, but with the temptation He will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it. † 1 Corinthians 10:13 ultimately, there are many ways in which God shows us His amazing grace in our lives, and if we pay attention to the work He does around us we will definitely see throughout eternity. God's grace truly amazes me.

A Mentor Essay

In life there is always a person, or role model that you will look up to and admire. A person may admire their role model, or mentor, because of their looks, wit, or even general personality. No matter who you are there is always someone that you attempt to emulate in some way, shape, or form throughout your life. There is no limit to the amount of role models one person can have. There may only be one person whose ideas you look at and agree with whole heartedly, or you may take portions from a vast number of others in order to create your own unique persona, and ideas. For myself, a prominent mentor was my high school Chemistry and Physics teacher, Mr. Robert Hage. I admired my Chemistry teacher not for his thinning white hair, or for that matter any of his looks, other than his always cheerful smile. I instead looked up to him as a mentor due to his unique personality, and his vast intelligence. He had a love for cats, liberal ideals, and sweaters with an odd pattern displayed boldly on the front. Mr. Hage had a great sense of humor, and was an avid musician. These were the reasons that I admired Mr. Hage, because these were planes that I took interest in and that I could learn from him in. In the classroom Robert Hage was what some students would call ‘a perfect teacher’ he was not incredibly strict, he didn’t ever hand out detentions, but instead would make a mockery of the any student that unintelligently disrupted his class, but did so in such a sly, humorous manner, that even the victim of the mockery would be laughing uncontrollably. Robert Hage lived an expansive life that led him though a great number of careers including a Musician, Chemist, Physicist, Author, High School teacher, and finally, a mentor. Through this vast professional history he showed a great passion for everything he had done, and in doing so gained a large amount of knowledge, in which he would pass on to his students. This is what I admired most about Mr. Robert Hage; I admired his knowledge and passion of all things he did. Read more:  Whom I admire  essay In my sophomore year of high school I entered room 211 to go to Chemistry class. I had always enjoyed classes that pertained to a scientific field,  and hoped that Chemistry would come as easily as the other subjects had to me. However, my freshman year the teacher who lectured the Biology class had no interest in the subject she taught and did so half-heartedly; I started to dislike the class. So I was wary about another teacher who just wanted to get through the class more so than teach the students. Needless to say, I was proved wrong, very wrong. The first day of Chemistry class Robert Hage performed a serious of ‘mystifying’ experiments such as lighting Magnesium on fire, which burns with a flame so white it will leave you seeing spots, and placing pure Sodium in a beaker of water, which will combust. Mr. Hage then stated â€Å"For those of you who had doubts coming into this room, Chemistry is fun†. That was all I needed to hear in order to know that this would turn out to be a fortunate turn in events. As the year went on it seemed that my teacher and I had much more in common than I had initially hoped for. I was at an age where I had not yet taken a stance on any real issues but always sat uncomfortably on the fencepost. When I found myself pondering serious life questions, such as religion, he showed me answers through science and that it was perfectly fine not to accept a religion at all as long as you could provide evidence to support your claims. This was a new concept that had never been provided for me, and best of all it wasn’t force fed to me. When I questioned politics he presented the strengths of a liberal standpoint, but all the while letting me know that as long as I could justify my ideas, it was alright to take whatever standpoint I wanted. Although, with every path that was opened, he always told the group in which it was presented to, not to just blindly accept what he said and run with it, but to examine both sides carefully and choose which you thought was the right one. With not only a rekindled interest in science, I was also left with the new interest of rhetoric and debate. With Mr. Hage’s encouragement I joined the high school debate team. When the season came for debate matches to begin; Robert Hage had some more advice for me which was, it is important to know how to argue your side, but more important to know how the opponent will argue theirs, and the best strategy is to beat them with their own words and facts. I will never forget these words, and they are filled with what is in my opinion some of the most valuable wisdom you will hear. Robert Hage played a large role in sculpting my present day personality, and it is because of him that I have developed an everlasting love for music, and am now fluent in playing five different instruments. He is also the reason that I am comfortable with views that may not be shared with a vast majority. Most of all, he is the reason I chose the path in life that I did; he is the reason that I am currently pursuing my majors of the Chemistry and Pre-Medical fields.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Edocs, Inc. †Case questions

3. The most important terms for edocs founder Kevin Laracey to further discuss in future negotiations will be the following: †¢ The valuation proposed by the Venture Capital investors, a number that could easily be inflated by shopping the deal around as the venture capital market is booming. †¢ The Board of Directors provision, as Mr. Laracey wants to make sure that in the first years of the Company he will remain CEO, and that the co-founders of edocs will be part of it as well. †¢ The share vesting schedule, which Mr. Laracey feels represents a lack of faith by the Venture Capital Investors in them. †¢ The Anti-dilution and Right of First Refusal which in essence binds edocs to future and larger equity participations from CRV. †¢ The warrants issue subject to the availability of other VC investors. This clause is troublemsome for the CEO of edocs because it will cause further dilution of his his colleagues stakes in the Company. 4. As for Charles River Ven tures, Mr. Guerster has essentially two main things in mind regarding the term sheet: †¢ The board composition, because he feels that Mr. Canekeratne is not suitable to be a board member as he will bring no added value to the company, and a large board of directors is not feasible. †¢ The warrants issue that Mr. Guerster feels is an appropriate penalty for edocs if they cannot find other investors to do the deal with. 5. edocs is searching for venture capital financing in 1998, a vibrant year for the market. Furthermore, the term sheet that was presented to them was quite investor friendly, with some strict provisions that unnecessarily burden the entrepreneurs. In short, edocs can and should negotiate some of the terms presented to them by CRV. First of all edocs is aware that if it shopped the deal around it could get a higher valuation and the provision to include the employee share option pool in the valuation seems too onerous. An acceptable compromise between committing to CRV and to dilute their stake so much in the beginning would be to exclude the option pool from the valuation. This would change the VC’s stake from 38% to 33%. May not seem like a respectable sum at first, but it may be relevant to encourage future financiers. The lower the A round investor’s stake, the better. Another provision that should be altered is the board composition. As it was mentioned before, this is bound to be one of the most contentious issues between the entrepreneur and the VC. The founders argue that all 3 of them should be on the steering wheel after the investment, while CRV insists on having a small board of directors with as many board representatives as the founders (2 and 2). It is likely that the founders will have to cave in on this issue because it’s not likely that they would get better terms elsewhere. Even if it is unreasonable to put the 3 founders of the company on the board, as the VC will not want it to have a founder majority, at least Mr. Laracey should be granted a place as a CEO for a fixed amount of time. In a very early stage it is important for the Company to have the guidance of someone who founded and knows the business by heart. Perhaps more importantly we have the warrants provision. There is a rational economic reasoning behind this provision. If CRV cannot find another party to invest in the Company thi s will mean two things: investors are not willing to bet on the success of edocs which sends a negative signal to CRV, and it will result in an undiversification of its portfolio and consquently more risk. CRV will consequently want a compensation for this extra risk and the warrants are apparently the answer. We have to take edocs’ position into account though. As we will see later they have negogiating leverage and as such are in a position to change the provision. On the other hand, the clause at the least creates some perverse incentives for CRV. If CRV is or turns out to be confident about the future success of edocs it will not try to look for additional investors and will just cash in the cheap warrants. As such, and to make the term sheet a little more Company favorable we believe that the side letter should not be included in it. In conclusion in a time where a large inflow of capital to VC funds is pushing valuations up, edocs has an opportunity to use that leverage to, while not explicitly shopping around the deal, eliminate the provisions that dilute their shareholdings excessively and to have some control of the Company during its first years. From the preceding discussion we can conclude that the term sheet is more investor friendly –i. e. CRV friendly- than company friendly –i. e. favorable for edocs. Therefore, in the negotiation process the venture capitalists have more to lose when the terms of the deals after negotiation, giving edocs more power in turn. Also, from Exhibit 18-8 we can tell that the commitments of venture capitalists have been increasing exponentially over the past years. From this we can conclude that there are many potential VCs out there who might very well be willing to finance edocs at more favorable terms, giving the latter again more bargaining power in the negotiation process. Laracey, Moran, and Canekeratne have done an extensive study on the competitive landscape in the electronic payment and bill presentment services market. They identified several (potential) competitors such as IBM, MSFDC, Checkfree, International Billing Services, and document services. Compared to edocs these firms are more established and are active in the market for a longer period of time, nonetheless they are all largely competing for the same clientele. In order to outperform these parties edocs builds on many different key elements. First of all it offers advantages to the billing entity in the sense that it allows them to differentiate from their competitors’ â€Å"print only† offerings. From a cost perspective, edocs allows for significant savings in terms of document delivery, processing, remittance, and printing costs. Also, the service will be beneficial for the customer who receives the bills. They can push the documents to the preferred e-mail package, and bill payment will be easier and not as time-consuming. Especially, the technological and strategic partnership with CyberCash will allow for â€Å"one-click† bill payment. The main point at which edocs differs from its competitors is that edocs is offered as a software product, whereas the competitors mainly offer Internet document production and delivery as a service. The founders figured that competitors had a hard time gaining acceptance for these service-only offerings, since customers are concerned about third parties standing in between the biller and the customer. Also, the fact that Laracey, Moran, and Canekeratne had access to cheap software development personnel in Sri Lanka allowed them to differentiate themselves from their competitors, because edocs software was now developed both more quickly and cheaper than competitors could develop the software. Edocs can also be compared to similar firms from a financial point of view. Exhibit 18-6 gives an overview of financial data of comparable firms. However, it must be noted that it is questionable to what extent these firms are all really comparable to edocs. More specifically, IBM and Xerox are much more established, mature firms. Documentum and Document Sciences are, like edocs, both young firms, because they only reveal sales data as of 1995. Checkfree is the only start-up in this context that is not making profit so when wanting to do a relative valuation, using multiples that include net income does not make much sense. Hence, in order to come up with an implied valuation for edocs, we propose to do a multiple valuation, including the average market value-to-sales multiple of comparable start-up firms as a relevant measure to compute the value of edocs. Appendix A gives an overview as to how we came up with this number. As said before, we disregarded the data from IBM and Xerox because these firms are in a much more mature phase than edocs. Subsequently, we computed the average MV-to-sales multiple for Documentum, Document Sciences and Checkfree over the period of 1994 to 1997. Next, this number was multiplied with each of the sales forecasts under the â€Å"target performance scenario†(retrieved from Exhibit 18-4). Averaging the value of the period between 1998 and 2002 leaves us then with an implied value of $268. 3 million.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Program development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program development - Essay Example Delaune and Ladner (2006) averred that â€Å"community nursing uses a holistic approach that required both disease prevention and health promotion activities, including education and advocacy†. This paper aims to present to process of developing a program for health promotion and disease prevention focusing on the top three leading causes of death and chronic illness to women: heart illness, cancer and stroke over a three year period. After having identified the focus of this study and the objectives, the specific needs or health concerns of the population can be identified using social observation, interview and survey. This phase would enable the health care practitioners to identify factors that lead to higher susceptibility of women contracting the identified illnesses. The survey would include information on demographics, income, educational attainment, health records, housing condition, nutrition, and environmental indices, among other factors. The goals would identify priorities in focusing specific illnesses according to the given time frame. Since heart illness is the primary cause of deaths for women in the Untied States, the program should emphasize pertinent factors and issues relative to this disease. These factors should include causes and possible solutions, as well as needs of the community which could assist in the prevention of these illnesses. The most important aspect in this phase is setting up meetings with local authorities and health practitioners in the community level to discuss the proposed program, solicit advice, reaction, suggestions and prepare plans for the immersion phase. It is at this phase that actual observations, interview, survey, collection and collation of data, interpretation of results, and proposed recommendations would be undertaken. It is also here that findings would be reported to the committee that was originally met. Schedules for health education, promoting health care and prevention of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Are science and religion in conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are science and religion in conflict - Essay Example Modern science began taking its true shape in the 16th century, while religion was around for a much longer period. The relation between these two great forces at times proved to be confusing, many-faceted and tumultuous.The real authority of religion lies on person or tradition or books. Truth behind religion is treated as universal and eternal, essentially a question of faith, and widely accepted and not challenged or questioned in general. In case of science, the authority is based on evidence and reasons. It is always open to challenges, it tries to arrive at a conclusion to a question by findings and evidences and application of pure logic. The most significant question that is answered in this paper is whether science and religion are at conflict or at concord. (Religion and Science, 2010)Science made it possible for human beings to have a different outlook, where questions are asked and attempts are made to answer them. But religion always remained unquestionable to all. For e xample, when it comes to the precious gift of life, it is argued whether it has been designed by the almighty or just emerged from evolution – that can be explained by science by putting forward various scientific theories. Christianity lies at the forefront of Western Civilization, which at times has been successful in discarding the scientific rationale behind the evolution of life. The undeniable and reasonable explanations of science often challenge religious ideas – the later is an expression of social emotion and as such much more sensitive. Science indicates advancement in terms of progressive thinking for the betterment of life but religion remains as a faith, deeply rooted in the society and the minds of many human beings (Padgett, 2007). In terms of the fundaments and the basic essence science and religion are in conflict. Part Two – Argument A number of philosophical, scientific and historical evidences demonstrate that the two concepts of science and religion are often in conflict with one another. Science is the study of the nature based mainly on evidences, whereas religion deals with faith, the powers of deity. So it can be said that one is dealing with faith and the other is dealing with logic often lead to contradiction of ideas. In the case of the â€Å"Galileo affair†, the acceptance of geocentric model by the Roman Catholic churches and their consequent opposition to heliocentrism which resulted in the death of the great philosopher and scientist is a burning example of the conflict between science and religion that occurred ages back. The concept clashed with the religious story of Joshua, but his antecedent Copernicus found more evidence and tried hard to prove it but little acceptance was possible at that point of time as this was a contradiction to the concepts preached by the churches (Levinson, 2006, pp.423-424). Another example that highlights this tension is the burning in the stakes of Giordano Bruno, be cause of his insistence on the correctness of heliocentric model of the universe. Again as per Charles Darwin’s epochal on the origin of the species, three important features were pointed out by him – common ancestry, specification through variation and natural selection. Being in contradiction to the preaching of the biblical authority, the theologians rejected to accept Darwin’s ideas. The concept of ‘survival of the fittest’ was seen as an undercutting to morality in human relation. Contrary to the popular opinion, it was found that the religious leaders were divided among themselves on the reception to Darwinism. A number of religious minded leaders supported Darwin as his theories were consistent to the Biblical teachings of mankind have a common ancestor. But the conservative theologian continued with their version, and could never agree to the concept that human race evolved from beasts. This conflict in accepting the

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Porgg and Bess date base Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Porgg and Bess date base - Research Paper Example This was very risky at the time as people were vastly nurturing racism at the time and it was very hard for George to convince or gather an audience. Just as expected, the opera did not get a credible response in the United States and this went to an extent of it not receiving recognition as an original opera (Gershwin 11). Summertime is a popular song associated with the opera. The opera is presented in a rather European orchestra manner and this gives it a form of uniqueness as compared to the other operas presented in the United States in those days. The songs’ presentation was in a smooth accord to show the troubles of the blacks and in an effort to bring out the ever-indulging issue of love (Fisher 12). The plot of the opera is very descriptive and clear. This is from the manner in which it presents itself. It talks about a beggar of the black community who survives in the streets by borrowing money from passersby. The beggar is disabled and thus many are the people that have pity on him and ensure that they leave something for the man to purchase food (Standifer 23). The beggar goes by the name Porgy. In the same town, Charleston, South Carolina there is the young woman who goes by the name Bess. Bess lives with her very harsh lover and despite the physical abilities of Porgy, he commits himself to ensuring that Bess gets rescue from that evil man who is also a drug dealer. This is slightly different from the original novel but eventually the play gets in line with the book and the plot does not differ. It is also very imperative to include the detailed synopsis of the opera as a part of the full biography. The major part of the play is the act that begins by the expression of an evening at a particular location known as Catfish Row. In the location, a piano player by the name Jasbo Brown engages in the entertainment of people through his talent. There is the presence of a young mother by the name Clara in attendance. As explained earlier, the oper a involves the playing of the song â€Å"summertime† that is very imperative in the development of the general plot. Clara who sings it as a lullaby to her child does the song provision. The opera portrays the characters in a rather diverse manner. This is one of the reasons as to why it has much acclamation over all the years it has been in the various theatres. The fact that Jasbo Brown is quite successful shows the difference in social status in the society. This is brought out in a manner that he presents his music and the number of fans that he gains by this talent. This brings him more fame and recognition to a point that there are different places that he performs and receives payments. A sharp contrast to the success and the life of Jasbo is the conditions that Porgy lives. The fact that he is disabled does not give him an upper hand in society. Rather, there are the various points in his life that show the struggles that he goes through. Being disabled does not allow him to get any decent job or employment and this leads to him leading a miserable life. In order to survive, Porgy earns food for survival through living off the streets and begging. Drama is also one of the major characteristics of the opera (Gerswin 13). The amount of drama is observed when Robbins, one of the players in the tenement, portrays anger towards his wife for telling him not to exercise his

Friday, July 26, 2019

Implication of National Innovation System Essay

Implication of National Innovation System - Essay Example l the levels among the individuals and organizations and the governments usually have a major influence on the innovations via the finances that they avail and the developments of institutions of further learning that will impart the knowledge on the people. The governments then require an outline that covers the concepts and an experimental basis that will gauge if and how their contribution of the public policy to the total innovation of the nation could be made better than it is (Hertog,  P., Remà ¸e,  S., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, p. 4). China has made advancements in a lot of things and competes with the US in a number of sectors and also in the military innovations in that they have developed new ways in which their military personnel will get ready and fight in a war so that they win it in a way that is modern. They have also made strides in the development of hardware and software technology for their organizations and also for the individual consumer in a world of innovation that can either be slow or fast and these innovations can happen at the same time or in a specified sequence (Cheung, 2013, p.188). China’s government made a histrionic move in its foreign and economic policy in 1978 and this changed the way that people looked at it from the business point of view making it become a profitable destination for multinational establishments that are from other countries outside China and the international business researchers (Kau & Marsh, 1993, p. 124). The Chinese government employed the use of the foreign direct investment in the 90’s with the intention of stimulating the rate of economic development and the achievement in the attracting the foreign business to start there is in contrast to the their own state owned enterprises that are in debt (Chen,  2011, p. 145). Even though all this that is going on is good for the investors, the unique characteristics of these environment and the implications that will

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Reflection - Essay Example As one such leader, practicing honesty in all aspects of my role is paramount. My communication and actions should show honesty. Trust is finds its base on honesty. Honest ethical leader bases his argument on facts and this facilitates employees to depend and rely on him. A leader is about a better position to practice integrity if he is honest. Integrating honesty in my leadership style entails effective reasoning through facts. Claiming that you are honest without actual practice the virtue amounts to poor leadership. Every action of an ethical leadership requires transparency and truthfulness (Reilly, Sirgy & Gorman, 2012). Transparency and accountability are indications of honesty in ethical leadership. Incorporating honesty in decision making for an ethical leader entails using the facts as the basis of reasoning. Communication of the facts to the affected parties should be through truthfulness. The action of the leader during making of such decisions should clearly point toward honesty. This makes it easier for the people on the receiving end to appreciate the decision. The second important value for me as an ethical leader is commitment. It is the dedication of an ethical leader to the organization. Commitment entails not giving up or losing focus when the situation becomes unmanageable. Commitment by an ethical leader calls for perseverance throughout the course of leadership. It is a solemn promise that you will stick to the course even during trying moments. A committed leader invests fully in the organization. The investment is in terms of emotional, mental and physical dedication. Focusing full attention and energy make exemplary committed ethical leaders. Another aspect of commitment, which is important involves being ready to sacrifice personal interests in pursuit of the organizational objectives. To instill commitment among employees in an organization, a demonstration through action by the leader is

Conclusion for management project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion for management project - Term Paper Example The time-bound goal was a specific goal of our team. Our group’s most frequently used style was the collaborative approach style. We had no conflicts except for a minor conflict about matching the schedules we had prepared. However, our frequent communication with the emails enabled us to understand one another’s viewpoints and eliminate the misunderstandings. The email was a powerful tool in our communication as we used it to share ideas and other group related materials with one another. We all got along really well and respected each other. Maintaining the schedule and finishing the project upon time was a big challenge for our group. We mutually decided to split the project up. The thinking of the group members was not affected by the groupthink. Our leader had very good social skills. The leader’s behavior was people-oriented. The leader was friendly and approachable, and treated everybody equally. With mutual effort, we were able to finish the project in

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Palestinian-Civil Right Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Palestinian-Civil Right Movement - Essay Example This has led to generation of various conflicts between these two states. Most of the conflict result to too many of the civilians suffering and mainly there is large displacement of civilian population. This has led major resistance and boycott of Israel product. These resistances in Palestine state are known as the Intifada. Generally, there is the first, second, and the green intifada. There has been major intifada that come with effects to these two countries (Alimi 80-90). This paper seeks to focus on Palestinian civil right movement, intifada. The first Palestinian intifada took a period of six years. It began in 1987 to 1993. This was after a 20-year occupation of Israel in Arab states. What agitated this form of resistance was due to Israel occupation of their ancestral habitat and a protracted military brutality (Lockman and Beinin 396). The Palestine perceived the occupation of Jews in this state as a lowering of their human dignity. This felt the occupation of their homela nd as a form of apartheid experienced in other parts of the world. The stabbing of Israel citizen by a Palestinian and a fatal accident that killed four occupants of Jabalya refugee camp which led to Palestinian to see it as a form of vengeance also necessitated this uprising. This form of resistance against the Israel started in the region of Gaza and West Bank. It was at this time the effects of intifada became prominent. This uprising was due to various hearsay and rumors perpetuated by the Muslim religious leaders. This form of resistance was well coordinated and had a national appeal. The first intifada was characterized by peaceful violence, civil disobedience and some form of resistance. Other form of strikes, barriers, tax evasion, drawing of criticism and avoidance of Israel commodities characterized this resistance. Due to its national appeal, majority of the civilians bombarded the Israel military with stones, grenades and various form of crude weapons killing and woundin g the Israel soldier and civilians. Some of the Palestinians who were perceived to be collaborating with Israel were also lynched. This form of uprising caught Israel troops napping, as they were not prepared to a war of such magnitude. This uprising kept on being fuelled by rumors from Palestinian leaders (Nassar 180-197). Additionally, there was the second intifada that started in the year 2000. This intifada lasted for a period of five years. The second intifada was similar to the first intifada. It was a continuous struggle by Palestinian against the occupation of their land and various form of brutality experienced at the hands of the Israel soldiers. However, Israel has linked this form of civil disobedience and violence to the act of terrorism. This period was characterized mainly by protest, strikes, and attacks on Israel soldier. Moreover, it was characterized by the emergence of suicide bombers and hence the numbers of casualties were more than the first intifada. Israel r esponse was by use of curfews, infrastructural attack on Palestine and several checkpoints. This uprising culminated into the Oslo pact and some stability was restored (Carey 115-125). In addition, there was the green intifada whereby Palestinian resisted the occupation of their homeland by planting trees especially the olive trees. Olive trees are major contributor to Palestine economy. However, Israel

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Affect of oil on our economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affect of oil on our economy - Essay Example Oil also has consequences that are unintended and have negative impact. In the previous decades, the prices of oil have always been high going for $100 per barrel. Because of increased oil consumptions in nations like China and wars in major oil countries like Iraq. The production of oil in fields that are conventional could not supply the demand efficiently hence the prices increased. The high prices made companies it Canada and USA to begin drilling, hard to get crude. Then all over sudden, the demand for oil started to reduce in places like Asia and Europe and in the USA, due to economies that were weakening and the introduced efficiency measures. Later in 2014, oil supply had risen much more that what is actually demanded. The unused oil was stored away for later use, by September, prices reduced sharply (Cochran, et al.45). The boom before the fall boosted Texas economy for nearly a half a century was finally over. The oil business in West Texas will take at least two years to recover as Houston audience was told by an economist who is familiar with Texas oil producers’ economic indicators. As the boom brought good moments in life, the downturn will lead to economic problems in Texas and other places that were beneficiaries of the boom (Henderson, Rebecca D 37). The cost of oil, permits issued and the numbers of rigs operating in Texas are in the decrease and this means the jobs of many people are in stake. Oil indexes were at the peak in October at it stood at 312.9 but it reduced in December to 309.5, and that was officially the end of a 54 month duration that the Texas energy industry expanded. It is expected that 50,000 upstream jobs will be lost in the Texas as the contraction of oil industry continues, plus additional 250,000 more jobs that are related to the oil and gas industry. GE Oil & Gas is one of the companies that has cut job, it informed the regulators that it is going to lay off 330 of

Monday, July 22, 2019

Frida Kahlo Biography Essay Example for Free

Frida Kahlo Biography Essay Frida Kahlo was born on July 6th, 1907, Coyoacà ¡n, Mexico City, Mexico in her father’s beloved ‘Blue House.1’ She died at the age of 47 in her beloved blue house on Tuesday, July 13th, 1954. Frida Kahlo is one of Mexico’s most famous artists and represents resilience and strength. She was a surrealist and her artwork reflected visual honesty. Due to her weak and fragile body after her accident she went through 30 operations on her spine and made constant visits to the hospital. In spite of so much pain Frida Kahlo channeled that and her emotion into her art. Frida Kahlo had these paradoxical qualities, where on the one hand she’s this goddess that represents strength and resilience whereas on the other hand she can was similar to a man, she was crude like men; she smoked, drank alcohol, swore and told dirty jokes to frighten guests. Although Frida suffered an immense amount of physical and emotional pain she was always an outgoing person. People were stunned by her beauty and wherever she went, people stopped in to stare at her. Men wanted her and women wanted to be her. Beautiful, intelligent, and extremely talented Kahlo was considered one of the most desirable women of her time. She was romantically linked with movie stars, artists, and politicians of many different nationalities. During her separation from Diego, Frida engaged in several affairs with both men and women. Diego turned a blind eye at her relationships with women but was enraged by her love affairs with men. At the age of 6 Kahlo’s got polio and her right leg and foot became deformed despite her father’s efforts to regain some muscle mass the leg remained deformed which Kahlo covered with long dresses and skirts.1 She had a limp her whole life and received the nick name ‘peg-leg-Frida’ due to how skinny her right leg was. During 1922 the Mexican Renaissance movement began and the government sponsored local artists to paint murals in churches, schools, libraries and public buildings. Diego Rivera, a man who would play a major role in Kahlo’s life, painted murals while Kahlo would hide, since students were forbidden to be in the auditorium, and watch him for hours. Rivera was often called ‘panzon’ which means fat belly being as he was a 300 pound man. Kahlo got into an accident while on a bus with Alejandro on September 17th, 1925. The accident would change her life. A pipe went through her hip bone and out the pelvic bone as a result she broke her pelvic bone, spinal column and sustained other severe injuries which the doctors believed she would not survive. Kahlo endured 30 operations in her lifetime to correct the damage from the accident. Doctors said she’d never conceive a child full term due to her fractured pelvis. Kahlo originally planned on becoming a doctor but now bedridden for several months she received paints and brushes from her father, her mother had a carpenter construct and easel to place on her bed and a mirror was also installed on the canopy above her so she could paint self-portraits. Kahlo’s father Wilhelm Kahlo thought Frida to be his favourite out of the four daughters he has with her mother Matilde Calderà ³n Kahlo. Frida Kahlo’s father often said, â€Å"She is the most intelligent of all my daughters and the most like me.2† Out of the 143 painting Frida Kahlo did in her lifetime 55 were self-portraits of her. She often said, â€Å"I paint self-portraits because I am so often alone because I am the subject I know best.2† Near the end of 1927 Kahlo’s life returned to a sort of ‘normal’ state and in 1928 at a party Kahlo – from a distance saw Diego Rivera again for the first time since the accident. Later Kahlo gave Rivera some of her work which he admired and told her she had talent. Kahlo said, â€Å"I never paint dreams, I painted my own reality, I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration.2† Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera got married on August 21st, 1929, a civil ceremony was held in the town hall of Coyoacà ¡n.1 Kahlo wore clothes borrowed from her Indian maid. Diego was 42 years of age, 6’1 and 300 pounds and Frida was 22 years of age, 5’3, 98 pounds.2 Kahlo’s mother did not approve, however her father did on the basis that Rivera could pay for Kahlo’s hospital bills. After the ceremony while the party was in full swing Rivera apparently got obnoxiously drunk, broke a man’s pinky finger, smashed several items and brandished his pistol. Kahlo was furious with Rivera’s behaviour and argued with him eventually leaving in tears. Kahlo tried to have children but due to the condition of her pelvis she couldn’t carry a child full term. Rivera didn’t want children, partly because his line of work required him to move constantly. While in New York with Rivera in 1932 Kahlo – who was 3  ½ months pregnant – had another miscarriage. On July 4th she was hospitalized at the Henry Ford Hospital where she spent thirteen days recovering during which she painted the well known ‘Henry Ford Hospital’ which documents her tragic event in a very disturbing, graphic yet honest style. When Kahlo received word in early September of 1932 that her mother was terminally ill she went home immediately. Although her relationship with her mother remained distant her whole life she still loved her tenderly. Her mother passed away on September 15th 1932.2 Kahlo was not impressed with the United States, in fact during 1933 – when she went back to New York to be with Rivera she created a painting called ‘My Dress Hangs Here’ which expressed her discontentment with the United States, its social decay and its fundamental human values. In 1934 Kahlo had to abort her third pregnancy at three months at which time she also went through a appendectomy, a surgical removal of the appendix, and an operation on her foot to remove three toes due to gangrene. Soon after she found out that Rivera was having an affair with her younger sister Christina whose husband had abandoned her with two children. Due to this devastating discovery Kahlo separated herself from Rivera feeling betrayed by the two people she loved the most in the world. During 1936 the Spanish Civil War erupted. Kahlo and Rivera worked on behalf of the Republicans, raising money for Mexicans fighting against Franco’s forces. Later in 1937 Kahlo and Rivera helped out an exiled Soviet communist Leon Trotsky and his wife Natalia who stayed at the ‘Blue House’ with them.1 Kahlo and Trotsky had an affair during their stay. Soon after Rivera became aware of Kahlo and Trotsky’s affair and in his rage got a divorce in 1939. Rivera’s rejection made Kahlo more open about her love affairs with women. On December 8th, 1940 Rivera – who is now 54 years old and Kahlo – now 33 got remarried on Kahlo’s two conditions, no sex, and no money, Kahlo took care of herself financially. Kahlo and Rivera were at a constant state of love and war throughout their lives. On April 14th, 1941 Kahlo’s father died of a heart attack at which time Kahlo and Rivera moved into her father’s beloved ‘Blue House.’ For the next two years Kahlo’s notoriety continued to grow and her paintings were shown in Mexico City, New York, Boston and Philadelphia.2 After her father’s death Kahlo’s health slowly diminished, she endured spinal taps, confinement in 28 different corsets and over the next decade several radical operations on her back and leg. Kahlo became depressed in 1944 and kept a journal expressing her emotional feelings through both text and drawing which was later used to better understanding the woman and her art.2 Despite the pain and high dosage of pain killers Kahlo continued to paint, these were shown later in group exhibitions in Mexico. During 1950 Kahlo was hospitalized again and went through seven operations on her spine after which she spent nine months at the hospital recovering. Knowing Kahlo was near her end Lola Alvoraz Bravo held a solo exhibition for Kahlo in Mexico through April 13th-27th of 1950 at the Galeria de Arte Contemporaneo.2 Although Kahlo’s doctors told her she wasn’t well enough to attend she did so anyways from the comfort of her very own bed which was transported by truck to the gallery. In August, 1953 Kahlo’s right leg from the knee down was amputated due to the spread of gangrene. A fitted prosthetic was made for her but due to her addiction to pain killers and her love for alcohol she was not allowed to use it often. Frida Kahlo died on a Tuesday afternoon on the 13th of July in 1954 in her ‘Blue House’ which she was born into 47 years prior. The cause of death was reportedly ‘pulmonary embolism.’2 Suicide was suspected due to Kahlo’s severe depression, but this suspicion was never confirmed. Over 600 mourners passed by Frida Kahlo’s coffin in the Palacio da Bellas Artes. She was dressed in her favourite hupil from the Yalalag district and over-accessorized with jewels. Once asked what to do with her body when she dies Frida Kahlo replied: â€Å"Burn it, I don’t want to be buried I have spent enough time lying down, just burn it!†2 And so Frida Kahlo was cremated, her ashes placed in a pre-Columbian urn which is on display at the ‘Blue House.’ On November 24th, 1957 at the age of 71 Diego Rivera died of heart failure in his San Angel studio in Mexico. The next year on July 12th, 1958 the ‘Blue House’ was officially op ened as the ‘Museo Frida Kahlo.’2

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay Goldenstate Manufacturers has a purpose that is too boost in textiles operating and basically to make Profit in operation with textile garments. They are also in top five business and they still want to be in market for Competition and maintain there Image, reputation and status within the Garment processing industry. Main focus for Goldenstate is to raise the productivity level with high quality output. As seen in the case-study, they were in top five company but they gone down due to customer complain due to poor finished good quality that when the goal was put on to strive for it. Optimize the production and improve the quality of the finished garment. It differs from a Non Profitable Organisation because Goldenstate operates for profit, Brand Name, Image and reputation. Non Profit Organization operates for social service such as Red Cross, Welfare Services, Church, and Mosque. These companies operate to serve the community, provide service to the people, they at times use volunteers to work for them, and normally operate through Aids from bigger organizations or government organisations but Goldenstate has a structure, a management and guide lines for their employees who do paid jobs. (Notes from Lecturer) Answer 1.2 Organisation Chart Goldenstate Manufacturers ( Pvt) Ltd. Board of Directors CEO Mark Fraser HR and RD Depart Accounting Finance OperationManager Carl 1500 + staffs Knitting Dept Manager Adam Sales Marketing Dyeing Dept Manager James Finishng Dept Manager Ron Cutting Dept Stitching Dept Purchase Dept Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Quality Control QC Staffs 100+ Staffs Staffs Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Staffs Answer 1.3 Explain how effective you feel the organization is and list the main skills and competencies needed for it to be competitive? Goldenstate is not an effective company: they are lacking in speed production, lacking in communication, they are disorganized and are getting customer complaints due to low grade finished well. High performance was not shown. Co-coordinating the flow of work was less. Examples are like, Carl is firm, strict and finds it hard to communicate, high work pressure in production, lack of liberty for staffs, Dyeing and Cutting overstaffed, production held up in stitching. Goldenstate can use the following skills to reach the end product with high quality to be competitive: Working guidelines can be issued to each staff. Performance Appraisal. E.g. Clear working guidelines, procedures followed. Responsibility and Accountability to be notified. E.g., Quality Control must be thorough checked at each stage of production, and production to rectify the faults before shipment such this can help in increasing company image and make customers happy. Ease in the flow of work. E.g.: Each department must complete their share of task on time considering other sections as well. Clear priorities and work schedules. Staff credits (praises) and encouragement can be a key to success in retaining staffs as well as increasing quality production. (notes from Lecturer ) Team work, respect between Management and Staffs Crystal clear communications between CEO, Managers and Staffs with show effectiveness in GoldenState. Planning of Time and Staff Management should be done weeks earlier so that staffs are not over pressured. They should have a good flow of communication between Managers and Staff members E.g. Meetings, memos(notes from Lecturer ) Question 2 Answer 2.1 Explain the leadership styles of Adam, the Knitting Manager, and James the Dying Manager, and comment on how appropriate you these are in the current situation? James, the Dyeing Manager is liked by his team as his personality here shows that he is like a Laissez Faire. E.g.: the staffs taking care of themselves and James does not say anything and as well as Participative. laissez faire- where the leader sits back and allows things to happen. For example, James, the Dyeing Manager. The leadership style of Adam, the Knitting Manager is straight forward as he quotes My way or NO way is Autocratic. Adam has the control and power over his command. his way is what he wants from his staffs is that things are to be done and accomplished as per his rules. In current situation, his way the staffs under Adam may feel pressured which can result in staff leaving job, lack of communication, not taking staff feedbacks. (notes from Lecturer ) Though as a manager he is responsible for his teams output, he still analyses the situation his way and staffs do it their way to meet output which can be noted as individual participation or good team work, a healthy relationship with staffs. In current situation, James feel accepted and may understand their responsibilities. James is flexible as well as its mentioned that he takes no action if mistake is made. He can attentioned as a Team Player i.e. if one doesnt do he must be doing it himself as a team worker. Overall the company needs to optimize the production and improve the quality of products, so these Managers are doing their best what they can to meet the goals for GoldenState. (notes from Lecturer ) Answer 2.2 Use any motivational theory, or theories, to advise Adam, the Knitting Manager, how he might motivate his staff so they will remain with the company. Make sure you explain what he must do and how he might do it? Currently Adam has a my way or no way theory which does not motivate the staff. To motivate the staff, Adam has to show some Empathy which can show a likeness in staff and feel welcomed at all time. He must encourage and motivate his staffs by offering the liberty to certain extent only, being friendly with them, offer the work diversity or in-house training(considering company budget). To do all this Adam should have regular staff meeting and call for feedbacks from staffs, ask for new ideas and what and how else staff thinks they can be more effective (basic needs and expectancies). Adam can also call for incentives, he should be supportive. In this way staffs will feel welcomed and later Adam should represent his team with his superiors outlaying his department (notes from Lecturer ) concerns. This is the easy and right way of communicating within an organization. Adam should (Ethics) build his trust and confidence amongst his staffs and be a role model and feel accepted and should feel himself in the team. Staff credits (praises) and encouragement can be a key to success in retaining staffs as well as increasing quality production. Job rotation, enrichment and enlargement. Adam can also use the two factor theory like Hygiene factor and Motivator factor. ( recognition, achievement credits, Job security, Organizational policies). The Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Expectancy motivations can also be used by Adam as follows. (notes from Lecturer ) The Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Expectancy motivations can also be used by Adam as follows. Level of performance required by Adam Final expected outcome from Adam and the business. Jobs required by Adam for staff GOLDENSTATE MANUFACTURERS Success Self esteem and confidence Belongingness. Friendliness of staff The Safety and security of the staff Basic needs of staff such as Food, Water, Shelter. Physiological Answer 2.3 Mark the CEO Has told Ron, the Finishing Manager, that he should delegate more. Explain to Ron the steps he must take to delegate effectivevely making sure you clearly explain what he has to do at each step and how he might be able to do kit? According to Mark the CEO, Ron (Finishing Manager) should be more delegative. Ron should take the following steps to effectively operate his team of staffs, as we can notice in case-study that the workers turnover in Finishing Knitting is high. Ron should share the goal of the company with each staff saying that the goal for Goldenstate is optimizing the production and improve the quality of the finished garment, regain Reputation and Image and say lets work towards these goals as a united team. He must also say that improvement suggestions as feedback in knitting process will be highly appreciated. Delegation is a vital management skill. The advise that I can give Ron is: Call up a Team meeting and praise all his staffs for the good work they doing. And say to all that once a person gains experience in this Textile (Garment ) industry, there are higher chances for responsibilities and promotions. Task to be given to the people who Ron thinks is capable of to all. Such as his team has more workers turnover he can assign certain task and also carry on training for those less experience. The Finishing team should be advised by Ron about meeting the deadlines and quality as well, and each member must help each other to accomplish the deadline. Ron must clearly advise his team on Checking and controlling the quality.eg. checking dying, stitching,etc before working on finishing that this is where QCs can be advised. Ron should give his full support and communicate to the bottom level and must also credit for success..e.g. say thanks to each individual on the effort they put in to meet quality. Work review must be done by Ron on daily basis e.g.: checking the assigned task on finishing garments. Ron should plan his weekly target, arrange his weekly working roster and ask the staff for any flexibility and comfort if they have any..e.g. not getting extra workers per shift. Friendliness with authoritative accountabilities to responsible staffs will make them feel accepted and them willing to show www.delegations.uwa.edu.au/Â   extra effort at work. Smart Delegations can get work done Smartly. Ron should also advise his team that when a product reaches Finishing Team and if they find a fault upon QC inspection, it should be NOTIFIED immediately to the supervisor or Ron where Ron can then advise accordingly. www.delegations.uwa.edu.au/Â   These were few the view points for Ron to take and follow to have an efficient team to accomplish the GoldenStates goal and if all the departments work hand in hand they will meet there expected goal and gain customer trust in the market again. There are in the market to be top in competitive garment market and be a leading role model.

Effects of Parental Status on Children

Effects of Parental Status on Children 3.2 PARENTAL HABITS, OCCUPATION, SOCIAL CLASS AND PARENTAL EDUCATION How peers feel about their fathers occupation influences childrens attitudes. From contacts with their friends parents or what they see on television or read in books, children build up concepts of an ideal mother and father. Children feel that if they have better homes, better play equipment than their peers, they feel superior. If on the other hand their socio-economic status is inferior, it is likely to lead to feelings of inferiority. Children like to emulate their parents and thus, bad habits in parents may naturally pass on to them. Ganga et al in their study observed that in 66.2% of children there was history of alcohol abuse by fathers, with most of their income wasted on liquor and gambling. All the boys studied were from an urban or semi-urban area belonging to poor socio-economic category. In 40. 9% boys both parents were illiterate, in 33 8% only father was a functional literate. 52% of the parents were daily wage earners with irregular employment and 14. 2% were in quasi or full time Government job.24 Thilagaraj noted that in 51 % of the children had been brought up in slums and 68% of them had parents completely illiterate. Alcohol usage was found in 78% of the parents.26   3.3 EMERGING CAUSES- Natural calamities, AIDS, etc In the later part of the 20th century the World has witnessed some of the worst natural disasters. India too has witnessed the natural calamities on an unprecedented scale. The gory memories of the earthquake hitting Maharashtra in 1993, followed by another equally severe quake rocking the state of Gujarat in 2000 taking a heavy toll of human lives is still vivid. The problems of flooding in the eastern and north eastern parts of India is a recurrent one to live with, resulting in loss of many human lives. More recently the killer Tsunami waves hitting the southern coast of India taking the official death toll to over 10000.37 During such calamities children are always the first to get relief aid, hence it would be a legitimate conclusion that compared to the number of adult lives lost, the number of child deaths would be low. Mohan Y from JIPMER Pondicherry, in their preliminary study on the Tsunami affected victims in Pondicherry found out that 2% of children below 15 years were orphaned with most of them being losing their fathers.38 Lakhotia N and co-workers in a survey in the relief camps provided for the victims for the 2000 Gujarat earthquake, noted that in nearly 3% of children one of the parents was reported missing, and in 1 % it was confirmed that one of them was dead.39 Sarkar N R et at in their study noted that 4% of orphans had lost one of their parents in the floods over three years.40 Lindblade K A and co-workers feel that one of the consequences of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is an increase in the number of orphans, estimated to have reached 6-11 % of children below 15 years by year 2000.41 4. PROBLEMS OF ORPHANS DUE TO ORPHANING Orphan-hood is frequently accompanied with multidimensional problems including prejudice, reduced access to health and school services, inadequate food, sexual abuse and others.42 Joyce K. Kikafunda et al found that orphan children living with their elderly grandparents are highly malnourished . A representative sample size of one hundred (100) elderly headed homes was calculated. Fifty (50) homes of children with both parents were randomly selected to act as a comparison group. A single child under the age of ten was randomly picked for anthropometrical measurements in each selected home. The results of this study show that a large proportion of the orphans (47 %) are malnourished when compared with only 28 % of malnourished non-orphans found in the normal homes. In addition, our study findings revealed that the older the orphans (0 10 years) living with the elderly get, the higher the level of underweight.43 The death of one or both parents has a profound and lifelong impact on the psychological wellbeing of children. Adolescents in particular are at increased risk for unresolved or complicated bereavement because of their developmental vulnerability and emotional dependency.44 Hierarchical framework for investigating the causal pathways between OVC experience and ill-health and malnutrition. N/B The UNICEF indicators used in the analysis are shown in the brackets- where there is no appropriate indicator to fit into the framework, NA (not available) is noted under the risk factor.45 5. ORPHANAGE 5.1 DEFINITION Orphanage is the name to describe a residential institution devoted to the care and education of orphans i.e., children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them. 46 Institutions differ from families in both the organization of their context and in the roles of their participants. These factors affect the behaviors of the participants, both children and staff, and the process of the children’s development. 5.2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTITUTION  AND FAMILIES: Major characteristics of a total institution as proposed by Goffman are as follows: A total institution establishes barriers to social intercourse with the outside world. It is difficult to leave a total institution. All aspects of life in a total institution are conducted in the same place under the  same single authority. Everybody is obliged to act and to live together with his/her inmates. Officials in a total institution schedule and control all phases of inmates’ activity. There is a basic split between a large managed group (inmates) and a small  supervisory staff. Inmates have restricted contacts with the outside world, whereas staff members are  socially integrated with the outside world.47 In contrast, the family is an open setting where each family member participates in some other settings (e.g. school, day care, playground, work place, peer group, church, etc.). As a system, the family consists of a number of dyads and multiads (e.g. marital couple, children, older members of the family, etc.).Participation in these dyads and multiads determines the roles of family members (husband and father, son, brother, and grandson, etc.). Each of these roles is activated by a certain context which contributes to the development of the child. Thus, in families children witness multiple roles of family members (father and husband; mother and wife; sister and daughter; etc.). In contrast, an institutional staff functions in fixed social roles with strictly denied social behaviors. 48 Another important difference between the family and the institution is that the former is a self-supporting system, but the latter is not. The family may or may not rely on the outside world for help, but the majorities of life-supporting activities originates within the family and are carried out by family members, both adults and children. Mothers and fathers combine roles of providers, cooks, servants, educators, and caretakers in the mutual process and mutual context of life, and are assisted by their children. In an institution, these life-supporting activities are distributed between many staff with little or no participation by institutionalized children. 48 6. QUALITY OF SERVICES RENDERED IN ORPHANAGE Chabra et al in their study on the nutritional status and morbidity among 192 boys aged 6-12 years in a children observation in North West Delhi, noted that the infrastructure in terms of dining rooms, toilets, recreational facilities and medical care was inadequate.49 Erick Otieno Nyambedha et al in his study found that 84% of caregivers said orphans has schooling problems,48% of them said orphans has food problems,20% said hospital facilities are lacking.50 Horwitz S M and co-workers observed in their study on children in a foster care facility in New Haven Connecticut State USA, that there were no adequate toilet facilities for the inmates and the caretakers to child ratio was also inadequate.51 Suma Narayan Reddy observed in her study that out of 16 orphanages surveyed by her, there were 28 caretakers, only 2 caretakers had formal training and orientation courses in mental health problems of children and their early recognition and institution of remedial measures.52 Kapur M et al observed that most of the caretakers involved in the care of juvenile delinquents were not properly trained in recognizing the emotional problems amongst children.53 Takayama and co-workers report in their study on a child protection centre in San Francisco that the number of Caretakers was inadequate, and the medical services too were inadequate.54 7. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE ORPHANS IN ORPHANAGES Children living in institution invariably face a wide variety of problems inherent in institutional care such as (1) shortage of trained staff and the associated problem of high staff turnover (2) children living in groups set up their own social system and code of behavior which may oppose rather than support the aims of the institution (3) contradictions between the needs for regulation and the need to individualize the conflict between the needs of the individual child and the needs of the group. Thus the children are caught amidst such inevitable situation and demands in the institutions. 55 Five areas of potential biologic and social risk to infants and young children in orphanage care include: infectious morbidity nutrition and growth cognitive development socio affective development physical abuses 55 Orphanage children are deprived of their primary care givers, so they are more prone to physical health problems. Various studies have been conducted at national and international level, on health problems of orphans and vulnerable children in orphanage. Some of them are as follows. Chabra et al conducted a study on health and nutritional status of 192 boys in the age group of 6 to 12 years in a children observation home in Delhi. Almost 148 (60%) boys had some or the other forms of morbidity. Skin disease was the commonest morbidity (31.7%), followed by disease of the oral cavity (16%), acute respiratory infection (8.6%) and disease of the ear (9.9%). Additionally, the study revealed that that (36.7%) of boys were malnourished, and (13.5%) of the boys exhibited signs of specific nutritional deficiencies.49 Bhuvanesh Shukla et al found that most commonest health problems in orphanage are skin disease. A sample size of 104 children between the age group of 5 – 14 years was studied. Orphanage children skin problems shows that 3.84% of them had skin patches. Most of the (83%) children had dandruff, 25% of them had pediculosis.50% of them had dental carries, 33.5 of them had gingivitis, 57.7% of them were malnourished.10 Karim SA et al conducted a study in an orphanage in Dhaka to find out the outbreak of scabies and socio-economic profile, water sanitation facilities, personal hygiene and living condition of the orphan children. The study included 492 children and they received clinical check up. The result highlights that 98%children had scabies, and 71% has been infected.56 Dhanya Muralidharan et al a study conducted on oral health status of children in orphanage found that dental caries is most common in them. There were a total of 221 children in the orphanage with a boy to girl ratio of 1.6:1. The number of children having dental caries at baseline was 129 (58.37%). They concluded that comprehensive dental health care program (CDHP) is effective in overall improvement of general and oral health. In resource limited countries like India, such programs organized by dental schools can improve oral health.57 Takayama J I et al observed in their study population that among the 0 to 6 year olds, 27% children had upper respiratory illnesses, 23% had developmental delay and 21% had skin conditions. Among the 7 to 12 age group, 32% failed vision screen, 12% had dental caries and 11% had upper respiratory illness. Among the 13-18 year olds, 31% had failed vision screening, 12% had positive tuberculin skin tests.54 Miller L C and Hendrie N W noted that of the 452 Chinese children adopted form various orphanages from China and observed at an Adoption clinic between 1991-1998, Growth and developmental delays were frequent, in 39% for height, 18% for weight, 24% for head circumference. 75% had significant developmental delay in at least 1 domain; Gross motor in 55%, Fine motor in 49%, Cognitive in 32%, Language in 43%, Social-emotional in 28%, Activities of Daily Living 30% and global delays in 44%, 35% were anaemic, 10% had abnormal thyroid function tests, 9% had intestinal parasitosis (usually Giardia). 3.5% had positive skin tests for tuberculosis, 6% had positive hepatitis B surface antigen, 22% had positive hepatitis B surface antibody. Unsuspected significant medical diagnoses including hearing loss, orthopedic problems and congenital anomalies were seen in 12% of children.58 Wilai S et al conducted a study in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand to evaluate the intestinal parasitic infections in orphanage children. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 preschool orphans (60 males and 46 females) and their stool samples were collected. Almost 86 individuals (81.1%) were infected with at least one parasite.59 Ganga et al in their study on 225 children in Thanjavur Observation home observed that, communicable diseases, diseases of the eyes, ear, skin and dental caries

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Unjust War :: essays research papers

The Vietnam conflict began in the late nineteenth century. The French conquered Vietnam and made it a protectorate. For nearly forty years, Vietnam had not experienced settled peace. The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) was formed in 1941, seeking independence from the French. On September 2nd, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed it independent of France. The French opposed their independence from 1945 to 1954. The French wanted to reestablish their rule in Vietnam but were beaten at the battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7th, 1954. Ho Chi Minh led the war against France and won (lawson 13-15). After the war there was a conference in Geneva where Vietnam was divided into two parts along the seventeenth parallel. North Vietnam was mainly Communist and supported Ho Chi Minh, while the south was supported by the United States and the French were based there (bender 55-59). There was still some Communist rebels within South Vietnam. These were the Viet Cong. The South Vietnam ruler was Ngo Dinh Diem who was anti-Communist. At the conference, Laos and Cambodia became independent states (johnson 34). North Vietnam wished to unify North and South Vietnam through military force. Since the United States feared the spread of communism in Asia, John F. Kennedy provided economic and military aid to South Vietnam to prevent the takeover by North Vietnam (bender 35). At this time, this was still a civil war and because this was a civil war the United States had no right to become officially involved, but at this point it did (mcleod 120-125). The North Vietnamese resented the little intervention by the United Sates and so, three Vietnamese torpedo boats fired on the U.S. destroyer, "Maddox" on August 2nd, 1964. The "Maddox" had been in the Gulf of Tonkin, (international waters), thirty miles off the coast of Vietnam. On August 3rd, 1964, President Johnson gave the right " to attack with the objective of destroying attacking forces.† Retaliation air attacks began on August 3rd. Their aim was to destroy North Vietnam's gunboat capability. As two more United States destroyers were supposedly sunk, more air and sea forces were sent. Up until now, the U.S. had refrained from direct combat. This is when the United States formally entered the Vietnam War. The U.S. did this for two reasons. We wished to maintain the independence of South Vietnam and we had to prove to allied nations that we would help them resist Communist overtaking.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Japan Caught Between US and China :: essays research papers

Japan caught up in U.S.-China spat Japan came under criticism in the fallout of a heated exchange between the United States and China over Taiwan at the Asia Security Conference here. In fact, some participants said Japan-not China-is the country creating the most fears in Asia. The three-day conference, hosted by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, ended Sunday. A key topic of debate was a Japan-U.S. agreement reached in February on common strategic objectives-including how to deal with Taiwan. The joint statement said the objective was to "encourage the peaceful resolution of issues concerning the Taiwan Strait through dialogue." In his speech in Singapore on Saturday, U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld questioned the validity of China's increased military spending when the country faced no threats, as well as its heightened deployment of ballistic missiles aimed at Taiwan. Cui Tiankai, director-general of the Asian Affairs Department at China's Foreign Ministry, retorted by asking Rumsfeld if the United States felt threatened by the stronger presence of China. Rumsfeld had to diplomatically admit there was no such threat. However, in a subsequent question-and-answer session, both Rumsfeld and Defense Agency chief Yoshinori Ono were asked about the common strategic objective pertaining to Taiwan. Ralph Cossa, president of the Pacific Forum, which is affiliated with the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies, asked Rumsfeld for his interpretation of reports in many Asian nations that the common strategic objective meant Japan and the United States would act together to defend Taiwan. Rumsfeld only said that the contents of the joint statement were in the public domain. Cossa then asked Ono about the growing perception in Asia that Japan and the United States would contain China as a means of defending Taiwan. Ono simply responded that the joint statement should be read carefully. In response to questions from The Asahi Shimbun, one of the sponsors of the conference, Cossa said many nations in East Asia were concerned about Japan's defense policy. "With the issue of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to Yasukuni Shrine also coming into the picture, the view is emerging among Asian countries that the nation truly to be afraid of is not China, but Japan," said a Singapore-based researcher. The latest Asia Security Conference saw the first participation of a delegation of Chinese government officials.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

The Caretaker by Pinter Essay -- essays research papers

The Caretaker by Pinter: A Play Can Be Confrontational, Challenging and Disturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With close Reference The Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late 1950's and early 1960's disrupts the audiences perceptions of existence and their understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions and conceptions of reality, and disturbs the audiences perception of their own identity and place within a world which is primarily concerned with the search and need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionable philosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950's and 1960's – existentialism. The play attacks the notion that there are no absolute truths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknown and intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature and realities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards as fact is fiction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence. When an audience of the 1960's went to the theatre, it can generally be assumed that they had preconceived ideas about what they expected and what they are going to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towards theatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. This confronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which would be disconcerting and frightening to many. Pinter divorces and exposes society's codes, institutions and human relations. Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption is established from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stage of the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at the audience in silence for ‘30 seconds'. Traditionally in realist drama such as Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler characters use simple exposition through language and non-verbal elements to ‘let the audience in' and enlighten them on what is happening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions. Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbing phenomena to the conservative audiences of post-war Britain. Mick's arrival on stage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increase as Pinter provides the audience with... ...entity and the structure of society. This deferral of action is primarily indicated by Davies and Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to his planned trip to Sidcup and in Aston's references to the shed that he is planning to build. Through the representation of these possible future activities, it appears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent a reason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in fact worthwhile human beings with a purpose and a ‘life'. Pinter suggests through this deferral of actions that people's lives hold no worthwhile meaning and ultimately there is nothing gained at the point of death. The Caretaker is a subversive play that demythologises many of an audiences assumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia and feelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour and ignoring traditional dramatic ‘realist' protocol, Pinter confronts and challenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfully deconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservative belief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities.

Quotes from All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay

CHARACTORS Joe Keller â€Å"I saw your factory on the way from the stations. It looks like general motors†p150 Allusion-Savy businessman â€Å"Well that’s only your business, Chris†p100 Inability to stand up to Kate â€Å"in hopeless fury, looks at her, turns around, goes up the porch, and into the house slamming screen door violently behind him† p126 Shows he can be neurotic â€Å"Chris†¦ Chris, I did it for you†¦For you! A business for you.†p158 Keller deals with guilt by blaming others and unfortunately taints his love for his son â€Å"A man can’t be a Jesus in this world†p169 Allusion He is realistic but slightly jaded you can try to fulfil your moral and social responsibility â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that I’ll put a bullet in my head!†p163 Dramatic irony and prolepsis- family is the most important thing for him commendable but leads to his downfall as he convinces himself that he shipped the cylinder heads for his family rather than himself â€Å"(Chris with admiration) Joe McGuts†p116 He is very brave â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Recognition that he has social responsibility can’t live with the realisation â€Å"I can’t sleep here; I’ll feel better if I go†p170 He shows determination there is a metaphorical recognition that he needs to die he is admirable even in death â€Å"The†¦man who knows how many minutes a day his workers spend in the toilet† p59 He has worked hard to be successful he has tried to follow the American dream â€Å"I’m surprised you remember his birthday, Frank. That’s nice.†p91 Exudes self-confidence and likeability â€Å"I want a clean start for you, Chris† p124 Does love his son â€Å"Joe wants to bring you into the business when you get out†p135 Emphaises his benign nature by referring to himself in the third person-When he gets scared he tries to buy people off Kate Keller â€Å"If I tell this to Mother and she has a fit about it† p100 Shows Kate is mentally unstable, has not accepted that Larry is dead and is protected by Joe and Chris. Adds to the tension of the play as we realise she might not be able to hold it together â€Å"Your brother’s alive, darling, because if he’s dead, your father killed him†¦God does not let a son be killed by his father† p156 Dramatic irony Kate reveals her supposition and her desperation to keep Larry alive in her mind as her argument is not a good one â€Å"(Mother smashes him across the face)†p155 Onomatopoeia-Shows she is capable of violence â€Å"It takes a certain talent-for lying. You have it and I do. But not him† p160 Shows that Kate has known about Keller’s deceit all along. Highlights the theme of deceit â€Å"(She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and aspirin)† p109 From a Freudian view point her emotional turmoil is manifesting itself as physical illness â€Å"Be smart now, Joe. The boy is coming. Be smart† p126 Repetion-Shows that she wants to manipulate George â€Å"(frightened at the thought you can’t say that to her)† p99 Shows she is a difficult character to understand and is neurotic as even her husband and son don’t know how she’s going to react â€Å"He hasn’t been laid up in fifteen years† p152 Colloquial-Shows her careless side and shows she is a little bit stupid â€Å"The minute there’s trouble you have no strength†p162 Uses illness to manipulate characters to act benignly towards her â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Clearly loves Chris â€Å"I ‘m smarter than any of you†p148 Shows she knows she can manipulate them â€Å"I’ll find you a girl and put a smile on your face.. You remember Mr Macy’s daughter† p149 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d-Shows her manipulation can be a benign force Chris Keller â€Å"Because sometimes I think you’re†¦ ashamed of the money†p124 Hesitation dosen’t want to talk about crime Reveals Keller’s suspicion that Chris is aware of his crime. It shows that Chris is an idealist â€Å"Oh, Chris, you’re a liar to yourself†p143 Shows Chris is self-deceiving â€Å"Everytime I reach out for something I have to pull back because other people will suffer†p100 Shows he is selfless â€Å"Oh Annie, I’m going to make a fortune for you!†p122 Hypocritical of Chris shows an idealism commercialism clash â€Å"It’s time she realised that nobody believes Larry is alive anymore† Only acts on his idealism when it suits him has let Kate pretend that Larry is alive for the last three years until he wants to marry his wife shows his hypocrisy â€Å"But I’m just like everyone else now†p166 Shows Chris’ arrogance in thinking that he was special â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me practical†p166 Repetition of practical highlights it’s significanceSignals Chris’s conversion from Idealism to pragmatism â€Å"A man can be a Jesus in this world†p169 Idea of Chris as Christ figure if you take his name metaphorically just add t to his name this is reinforced by this quotation Ann Dever â€Å"I’d like you to tell him that Larry is dead and you know it† p165 Stands up for what she thinks is right â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no Father†p117 Ashamed of her Father’s role in the shop incident and deludes herself that Keller is right based on very little evidence â€Å"I want you to set him free and then I promise you everything will end†p164 Ann tires of moral responsibility like Chris she loses her idealism and becomes more realistic she abandons her father for a chance to be happy â€Å"The female version† of Chrisp132 Gives up her idealism for pragmatism (starting a new life with Chris) is responsible for tragedy â€Å"This is filthy, didn’t you bring another shirt?†p138 Ann acts as a maternal force for George â€Å"You understand me? I’m not going out of here alone. There’s no life for me that way. P164 Determined to get what she wants won’t listen to others George Dever â€Å"say, you’ve gotten a little nervous, haven’t you†p139 Uncomfortable in the role of justice â€Å"Because you believed it† p143 Trusts Chris â€Å"I’ll find you a girl and put a smile on your face†p149 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d-He is swayed by the promise of a happy and easy life â€Å"You look terrible, George†p150 Standing up for his father has taken a toll â€Å"I told you to marry that girl† Lost out by being in the war Jim and Sue Bayliss â€Å"It takes a certain talent for lying. You have it and I do. But not him†p160 Jim wants to be idealistic but has sold out to become a good father â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher and his idealism â€Å"I told her to take up the guitar. It’d be a common intrest for them† p110 Kate believes the Bayliss’ have too little in common â€Å"Everybody knows Joe pulled a fast one to get out of Jail† p131 Colloquial-Show that the neighbourhood think Joe’s guilty foreshadows revelation that he is adds tension â€Å"They give him credit for being smart† p132 Colloquial-Show that Keller is well liked and respected Frank and Lydia Lubey â€Å"I’ve studied the stars of his life! Somewhere in this world your brother is alive!†p154 Satirical and dramatic irony Discredits fate as a force in this play as Larry is dead â€Å"Does dad expect a parole soon?† p114 Both have a habit of making tactless comments which makes them disagreeable despite their amicable nature â€Å"You’re still making your own clothes? Ain’t she classy† p147 Demonstrative of a couple living the American dream THEMES Confession â€Å"The structure of a play is always the story of how the birds come home to roost† Miller There is always the discovery of the past and a confession this is what makes a good tragedy â€Å"Forget Now. Live†p171 Short scentances-The confession is for the better â€Å"[Desperately. Lost]†p164 The confession evokes pity/fear â€Å"The star of one’s honesty†¦ he (Chris) probably just wanted to be alone to watch his star go out†p160 This is the effect a confession has on others â€Å"[hopless fury]†p126 Simile Causes anger â€Å"I was afraid†p158 Difficult to confess emphasised by short sentences â€Å"I’m not trying to hurt you Kate† â€Å"My God†p165-166 Confession usually causes pain Guilt and Shame â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no Father†p117 Colloquial-Ashamed of her Father’s role in the shop incident â€Å"Chris†¦ Chris, I did it for you†¦For you! A business for you.†p158 Keller deals with guilt by blaming others â€Å"What am I, a stranger? I thought I had a family here, what happened to my family?†p161 Repetition of family Guilt and shame plays a role in the development of Keller’s relationship with his father â€Å"I can’t look at you this way, I can’t look at myself†p168 Keller’s confession leads to shame for Chris â€Å"(She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and aspirin)†p109 Kate is so ashamed of her deception she has a mental and physical breakdown from a Freudian viewpoint â€Å"(a shot is heard in the house)†p171 Shame and guilt over the cylinder heads could arguably lead to this but I think If this had been the case Keller would have killed himself a long time ago instead I think larry and Chris’s disownal of him and his realisation that he has a social responsibility cause him to kill himself he tries to make amends by killing himself and thus exonerating steeve and his family â€Å"I can’t live with myself anymore†p169 Larry kills himself because of guilt that he has helped build a business that has killed American pilots and shame that his father and father-in-law have made a decision that kills his compatriots. â€Å"They killed themselves for each other†p121 Chris has survivors guilt he feels responsible for everyone Deception â€Å"I suspected my father and did nothing about it†p166 Chris is self-deceiving â€Å"But there’s God so certain thing s can never happen†¦Ann, you know I’m right!† p113 Dramatic irony-Kate is self deceiving she gives a flimsy argument and clearly doesn’t truly believe that Larry will come back as she’s horrible to Ann so if he ever does come back Ann will not want Kate to be part of their life â€Å"It takes a certain talent for lying. You have it and I do. But he (Chris) doesn’t†p160 This is Chris’ tragic flaw â€Å"Poplars cut off view† p89 Delusion that Keller can cut himself off from the world Loss â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me Practical†p166 Repetition of practical Chris sacrifices his idealism for his family â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher â€Å"Chris, I did it for you† p158 Keller sacrifices his morality for his family â€Å"I thought I had a family here. What happened to my family? P161 Loss of relationship between Keller and Chris and Kate â€Å"I told you to marry that girl† p148 Loss of future between George and Lydia â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Loss of relationship between Ann and Steve â€Å"I was going to tell them†¦ it was too late† p157 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d Loss of opportunity to warn about the faulty parts â€Å"four-foot high stump† p89 Symbolises the loss of Larry â€Å"Because if he’s not coming back, then I’ll kill myself† p107 Bathos How Kate deals with loss of Larry = loss of mental stability â€Å"We’re like at a railway station waiting for a train that never comes in† p106 Simile Chris deals with loss of Larry by trying to move on â€Å"[Increasing demand]†p113 Conflict over different ways of dealing with the past and the loss of Larry each character tries to get their point across â€Å"Those dear dead days beyond recall†p110 alliterationLoss of the benign past â€Å"I want a clean start for you, Chris† p124 Idiom Deals with loss of past by breaking from it â€Å"Let’s†¦ raise some hell around here, like we used to before Larry went!† p110 idiomAnn deals with past by resurrecting it Suicide â€Å"I can’t bear to live any more†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I read about dad being convicted†p169 Larry commits suicide because of guilt does this make him a coward or a tragic hero? â€Å"If he’s not coming back I’ll kill myself†p107 Bathos Irony as Larry has killed himself foreshadows this discovery â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that I’ll put a bullet in my head!†p163 Bathos Dramatic irony â€Å"You stop that!† p163 Short scentance emphaises shockMother’s reaction to suicide â€Å"[A shot is heard in the house]† p171 Keller’s reaction to Larry’s suicide â€Å"They killed themselves for each other†p121 Chris has a different attitude to suicide than his parents War profiteering â€Å"What you have is loot and it has blood on it†p121 Metaphor Chris is ashamed of it â€Å"Did they ship a gun or a truck out of Detroit before they got their price?†p168 Allusion-Realism argument it is too idealistic to expect people to work for nothing â€Å"Chris, I did it for you† p158 Keller’s attitude is that war profiteering is fine if it is done for the family â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Shows Keller’s change of mind he can no longer justify war profiteering through his family he now believes he has social and moral responsibility Moral Responsibility â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim neglected being true to himself â€Å"The star of one’s honesty†¦ he probably just wanted to be alone to watch his star go out†p160 Simile Lack of honesty from all characters even eventually Chris â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Lack of forgiveness from Ann and initially George â€Å"I said he’s dead.I know!†p165 Ann shows moral responsibility when she bravely tries to convince broken pscyotic women that her son is dead as she has found out â€Å"I can’t bear to live anymore†p169 Larry can’t forgive â€Å"I want you to set him free and then I promise you everything will be at an end†p164 Metaphor Ann tires of moral responsibility â€Å"I can’t look at you this way. I can’t look at myself†p169 Can’t emphasised Chris finds it hard to forgive and stay true to himself â€Å"A man can’t be a Jesus in this world†p169 Allusion Keller lies about Steve and his involvement with the faulty parts Social responsibility â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Irony and bathos Keller’s initial delusion about social responsibility his journey through the play is the discovery that there is more than this â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Recognition that he has social responsibility can’t live with the realisation â€Å"To him the world had a forty-foot front; it ended at the building line†p163 Shows Larry initially ignored his social responsibility â€Å"I can’t bear to live any more†p169 Realises he has social responsibility and that he has been indirectly forced by his father to neglect this but does he neglect his social responsibility by killing himself taking a pilot away from benefiting his country? Heroism â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself† Joseph Campbell (American folklorist) A tragic hero is â€Å"A man not pre-eminently virtuous and just, whose misfortune however, is brought upon him not by vice or depravity but by some error of judgement† Aristotle Miller was aware of this definition â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Bathos and irony Joe is a hero according to Campbell’s definition â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Short scentances show shock Through death he is able to save his family from long term suffering â€Å"I can’t sleep here; I’ll feel better if I go†p170 He shows determination there is a metaphorical recognition that he needs to die â€Å"Well that’s only your business Chris†p100 He doesn’t want to confront his wife so he becomes alienated from his son Chris knows Keller is â€Å"no worse than no men. I thought you were better. I never saw you as a man. I saw you as my father†p168 Cylinder heads cause break with Chris and tragedy â€Å"I suspected my father and did nothing about it†p166 Chris is self-deceiving although it could be argued that fate takes a part as Keller’s deception could have remained hidden from the outside world through the court paper. Keller’s mistake has already destroyed his family the real tragedy as everything he’s worked for has been for them â€Å"for you, a business for you† â€Å"She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and asprin†p109 Causes a mental and physical deterioration for Kate â€Å"Oh my God†p166 Refuses to believe her son is dead despite all the evidence â€Å"I’d hoped that if I waited, mother would forget Larry and then we’d have a regular wedding and everything happy, but if that can’t happen then I’ll have to get out of here†p101 Ironically Mother drives Chris away by refusing to agree with the evidence â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Abandons her father and believes Joe only to find out she was wrong to do so â€Å"Oh Chris, I’ve been ready for a long, long time† p120 Repetition of long Although she is not responsible for Larry’s death a great tragedy in her life she does kill his memory by getting engaged with Chris â€Å"The female version† of Chrisp132 Gives up her idealism for pragmatism (starting a new life with Chris) is responsible for tragedy â€Å"He won the war, Frank†p148 George lost the love of his life to Frank â€Å"I told you when you went away, don’t try for medals†p145 Aphorism He was initially eager to get away from the neighbourhood and become a soldier â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim is responsible for his own tragedy but is a hero as he remains a good husband and conformed to the prosaic â€Å"The world had a forty-foot front it ended at the building line†p163 Larry recognises that this is not the case and tries to make amends for it by suicidially fighting for his country Return of the Past â€Å"The past is always present and cannot be ignored, forgotten or denied† Centola Idealism vs. Commercialism Chris, Jim, George and Ann vs. Joe and Sue â€Å"When you marry never count your husband’s money p110 Aphorism The majority of the characters advocate idealism over commercialism â€Å"Because sometimes I think you’re†¦ ashamed of the money†p124 Hesitation shows conflict Keller thinks Commercialism can act as a benign force â€Å"Oh Annie, I’m going to make a fortune for you!†p122 Hypocritical of Chris â€Å"For you, a business for you†p158 Keller and Chris have the same attitude when they have a family they both ultimately want to work for them â€Å"The business! The business doesn’t inspire me†p102 More interested in idealism but has still sold out for money but in denial that he’s done so â€Å"And he’s got money. That’s important, you know†p130 Suggests that Chris can afford to be idealistic sue values materialism â€Å"As soon as a woman supports a man, he owes her something. You can never owe somebody something without resenting them†p130 Money affects relationships â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim has made a compromise between the two â€Å"Joe wants to bring you into the business when you get out† p135 Uses the third person Compromise between commercialism and idealism he knows Steve will not want to work for the better of the business â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me Practical†p166 Repetition of practical Chris sacrifices his idealism for his family Family Relationships Keller Family Keller and Larry â€Å"If Larry were alive he wouldn’t act like this. That was a boy we lost. Larry.†p163 Irony Larry is his favourite son he understands him â€Å"I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were†p170 Keller is prepared to change his views for Larry Keller and Chris â€Å"I’ve been a good son too long, a good sucker†p102 Colloquial They don’t understand each other but are ultimately prepared to make compromises for each other â€Å"Chris†¦Chris, I did it for you†p154 Keller taints there relationship by trying to put the blame for the cylinder heads on Chris â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Irony and bathos Shows that he does love Chris Chris and Larry â€Å"(Chris is discovered sawing the broken-off tree, leaving stump standing alone)†p127 Tries to clear away Larry’s memory Mother and Chris â€Å"She’s Larry’s girl†p155 Colloquial Seems to care about Larry more â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Short scentances Her maternal side comes out to Chris once Larry is dead Mother and Larry Irony and bathos â€Å"Because if he’s not coming back then I’ll kill myself†p107 Can’t let go of Larry â€Å"I knew I could stop him†p105 Irony Believes she can save Larry Keller and Kate â€Å"I wear the pants and she beats me with the belt†p150 Kate emotionally blackmails Keller Deever Family â€Å"Ann, George and their absent father might be viewed as the opposite of the Keller’s† Ann and Steve â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Abandons her father and believes Joe with little evidence â€Å"I’ll do nothing about Joe† p164 Sacrifices Steve being exonerated for her future happiness Ann and George â€Å"You’re coming with me†p144 He is prepared to sacrifice her happiness for his idealism they don’t have a very strong relationship â€Å"This is filthy, didn’t you bring another shirt?†p138 Ann acts as a maternal force for George Steve and George â€Å"I didn’t see him once when I got home from the war!†p141 George initially chooses idealism over his father Wears â€Å"(your fathers)† hat139 Eventually compromises and wears his hat as he loves him Lubey Family â€Å"I don’t know why you can’t learn to turn on a simple thing like a toaster!† p94 Demonstrative of the perfect family without idealism living the American dream American Dream â€Å"The American dream is a subjective term usually implying a successful and satisfying life. Perceptions of the American dream are usually framed in terms of American capitalism, and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Bill of rights† â€Å"I’ll get out. I’ll get married and live some place else†p101 Freedom â€Å"I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to†p102 Tricolon of want Belief that you can achieve what ever you want if you work hard for it â€Å"I don’t know why you can’t learn to turn on a simple thing like a toaster!† p94 Demonstrative of the perfect family without idealism living the American dream â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher he is not living the American dream â€Å"I was the beast†¦ Except I wasn’t†¦ Fourteen months later I had of the best shops in the state again, a respected man again; bigger than ever.† P116 Metaphor Failure of American dream should be in prison as has broken the law Hope â€Å"She’s dreaming about him again†p99 Kate hopes that Larry will return â€Å"I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to†p102 Tricolon-Ann and Chris want to marry and be successful-live the American dream â€Å"Chris†¦Chris, I did it for you†p158 Keller wants to provide a significant amount for his family Humour â€Å"I would love to help humanity on a Warner Brothers salary†p93 Foils provide comic relief in act 1 contrast to later tragedy â€Å"My love, My light†p93 Sarcasm from Jim â€Å"I like to keep abreast of my ignorance†p96 Major character is introduced through humour contrast to his serious and idealistic nature â€Å"Don’t talk dirty (They laugh)†p134 Keller provides comic relief in act two and makes him more likeable Justice Justice is a main theme within the play ‘All My Sons’, and an example of justice being symbolised is the idea of Joe telling the children that he has a jail in the basement of his house.Although simple, this metaphor is quite powerful, as it suggests to the audience that he could be hiding more than just a basement to the people of the street. It could also suggest that he is keeping justice locked away within the Keller house, and as the children keep asking about the jail, there is an underlying idea that the truth about Joe could surface sometime within the play. ‘I spoiled the both of you’ Something that is apparent throughout the book is the amount of money that Joe has earned through his business. Some may assume that Keller bribed his way out of prison, due his frequent reference to, as well as his constant reliance on money. He uses this later in the play as a way to try and justify to his family that if he had gone to jail then he wouldn’t have been able to make all this money for them. â€Å"Everybody knows Joe pulled a fast one to get out of jail†. Whilst this may first seem as a cheap dig at the Kellers, this is confirmed when Jim says (to Kate) â€Å"I’ve always known†. This would be negatively viewed, as because of these actions an innocent man (Steve) is in jail instead of Joe. Therefore, the characters are just as guilty as Joe for letting an innocent man rot in jail. â€Å"if [George and Anne] wanted to open up the case again†. Joe’s prediction is actually correct though, and it is the arrival of George which helps to uncover the truth about the cylinder heads. George therefore does a very good job or prosecuting Joe. A clever inclusion into the play is that George is actually involved with the law, as opposed to it just being a metaphor, like the other parts of the courtroom analogy. We get this idea through Chris’ question to him â€Å"How’s the law†. â€Å"You’re not even an animal, no animal kills his own, what are you?† â€Å"I’m not going to do anything about it† Throughout almost all of the play Chris, Anne and Kate represent Joe’s defence.Chris suddenly becomes a prosecutor, voicing his fury and shame to his father Perhaps here we see a highly uncaring side of Anne, as she will gladly let her father rot in prison even though she now knows that he is innocent. Religion â€Å"Every Sunday ought to be like this†p90 The play starts on a sunday morning which is a religious time of the week â€Å"chris† Chris’ name could be interpreted as ‘Christ’ which would suggest a kind of moral superiority that he at least tries to achieve â€Å"downstage, stands the four-foot high stump of a slender apple-tree whose upper branches lie toppled beside it, fruit still clinging to its branches†p89 The apple tree is incredibly important in terms of religious symbolism. It obviously has connotations of the tree of knowledge – the tree which was in the story of Adam and Eve. It’s significant that it’s there as it is an indication of the ‘fall’ that’s about to happen (in the same way that eve fell from god’s grace by eating the apple). It represents in this sense the knowledge of Larry’s death and the real causes. â€Å"living next door to the holy family† p131 The tree is a holy symbol however it is broken.the broken tree signifies that in reality, the Keller’s aren’t as ‘holy’ as they seem. â€Å"the trouble with you is that you don’t believe in anything† â€Å"now I live in the usual darkness† My personal opinion is that Jim represents non belief in terms of religion. The idea that he lives in darkness suggests that there is no light from religion in his life. And perhaps his unhappiness is a result of this non belief. Although, as an alternative interpretation, you could say that the way he admires Chris (â€Å"he meets a man and makes a statue out of him† p131) and the fact that Chris could be interpreted as ‘Christ’ means that he isn’t a total non believer. â€Å"Nobody in this house dast take her faith away, Joe† p 107 Although this is a references to Ann’s faith in Larry, it potentially has further reaching meaning. The use of â€Å"dast† is not in keeping with the general colloquial tone of the dialogue in the play, so it stands out. It almost sounds as if it could have been quoted from the bible. It is keeping with the idea that Mother is hijacking religion as reasoning behind her argument that Larry is alive â€Å"I never believed in crucifying people† p117 Keller says this, and although it’s clearly a view that he has gained because he is guilty, it’s also representative of a forgiving figure. However, it’s also incredibly ironical since he’s put Steve through jail for something he didn’t do which is worse than crucifiction . â€Å"He was falsely accussed once and it put him through hell† p133 Chris says this to Ann and the irony is that Keller lied and put Steve in prison actions that Christians believe would put him through hell the next time he is accused he will commit suicide an action Christians also believe will result in the perpetrater going to hell â€Å"George, you don’t want to be the voice of God, do you?† p140 â€Å"And truer love hath no man!† p 148 it has biblical echoes. â€Å"Is it junk to feel that that there’s a greater power than ourselves?† p 154 â€Å"That’s all, nothing more til Christ comes†. P155 There’s great irony in this statement from Chris. By â€Å"til Christ comes† he’s refering to Judgement day (and therefore implying that they should never talk about the problem again). But in reality, judgement day is approaching (the day when the truth emerges and the day of Keller’s death). â€Å"God does not let a son be killed by his father† p 156 This is the whole concept that has led to Kate’s adamant belief that Larry is still alive. Play Act One The Keller’s home is describe as a ‘secluded atmosphere’ and something about ‘poplar trees’. This creates he effect of the Kellers home in having something to hide perhaps, which is reinforced by anne’s comment that ‘the poplars have gotten thick’. Also Their house is described as ‘on the outskirts of an american town’. Well ‘an’ could suggest that this does not only apply to the Keller’s, but the whole of american society including the audience who are viewing the play. Also look at Frank entrance. He ‘saunters in’ creating a sense of mystery and slowness about the place. Also look at the introduction to the materialistic goods such as the ‘malt mixer’, something which would have been fairly new, considering the context. Also there is a lot in Chris war speech, you could basically write a page on that single section and it is also good for linking in with the section ou ha ve been asked. Remeber, always link this section to the rest of the play, without this you won’t get an A. Act Two Act Three